Most are now buried in mass graves. The president has collaborated with the US in abusive anti-immigration policies, including illegal expulsion of migrants and asylum seekers by plane and bus to Central America. Women need to be careful in Mexico. Federal government funding for womens shelters for the year was the same as in 2020. Is it safe to travel to Mexico right now? Legal reforms enacted in 2017 and 2018 have been slow and ineffective in addressing torture and impunity. The Lpez Obrador administration has actively participated in abusive US immigration policies. Most restaurants, tourist attractions, shopping centers, and bars are relatively close to each other. Section 6 Drug Traffickers Launder Dirty Cash and indigenous groups illegal to use confessions obtained through torture as evidence criminal. Article 19 reported five journalists killed in relation to their work from January to September 2021. Anyone holding a bag, appearing in a hurry, and following you for quite a distance could be a pickpocket. Travel to Cancn, Tulum and the surrounding areas in Quintana Roo is still considered safe, says Ruuska. Police say the suspect fired a pistol into the stores back wall before leaving the scene in a maroon car. Of houses have just one bedroom the reforms also establish an expedited and more transparent judicial process for to, and prosecution and conviction rates were low for these abuses and federal. However, in a leaked audio recording from 2019, a senior migration official told her team they were now under the instruction and supervision of the National Guard. In September 2021, National Guard troops and Mexican immigration agents violently detained a series of caravans of asylum seekers in Chiapas state, leaving many injured. In March police officers broke the neck of Salvadoran refugee Victoria Salazar. NGOs reported that acts of excessive use of force and arbitrary detention occurred against female protesters, especially those protesting gender-based violence. It ruled that state governments do not have the authority to legislate that life begins at conception. Kidnappings, thus, occur because the perpetrators will ask for ransom in exchange for a loved ones release. Twenty-four of 32 states have legalized same-sex marriage. Mexico has made the vaccine eligible by regions and age groups, from older to younger people. (CNN) The kidnapping and killing of US travelers recently in the Mexican city of Matamoros, just over the border from Brownsville, Texas, has put a glaring spotlight on The year 2022 saw several decreases in categorical use of force incidents, the LAPD said. Mexico endorsed the Safe Schools Declaration in May 2021. On March 11, an anticorruption and antinepotism constitutional reform granted the Federal Judiciary Council the administrative organ of the federal court system more oversight over district and appeals courts and limited hiring authorities of individual judges. But most of all: Keep your senses on alarm, trust your intuition and get your travel insurance, says Ruuska. San Luis Potos, SLP.- San Luis Potos is the second most dangerous city in the country, according to the National Victimization Survey on Public Safety (Envipe) Share this via WhatsApp Tourists can get hurt if caught in the crossfire, especially by venturing into dangerous areas where gangs thrive. Thus, the area struggles to contain drug-related crimes and gang violence committed by clashing gangs looking to dominate the industry. Several indigenous communities denounced the governments plan to build the Mayan Train, an estimated $7.5 billion dual cargo-passenger railroad to cross the Yucatan Peninsula through indigenous lands. Mexicos asylum system is severely overstretched. Get in touch with us. Coahuila state Exercise Increased Caution. Cozumel has a very low crime rate, especially when it comes to visiting tourists. The attorney general never properly implemented a 2018 reform intended to make the office more independent from the government and more accountable to victims and their families, human rights and rule-of-law groups report. Tourist destinations have, however, not seen the crime levels seen in states affected by drug cartels. The CNB reported that during that period, of the 3,025 bodies exhumed, authorities identified 1,153 and returned 822 to their families. mistakenly reported as deceased Mexico: most common crimes witnessed in Mexico 2022 Share of respondents who witnessed a crime in Mexico in 2022, by type Mexico: victimization rate It might seem that 2022 is starting off with important positive news about the crime and security situation in Mexico. Use additional caution, particularly at the municipal and state level violence targeted! A 2019 study by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights documented the Mechanisms problems in coordinating protective measures, providing resources, and establishing clear procedures. In its December 2020 climate action plan, Mexico increased the baseline against which its emissions reductions are calculated but maintained its 2015 emissions reduction commitments. Libel/Slander Laws: There are no federal criminal laws against defamation, libel, or slander; however, eight states have criminal laws on these acts. Scroll. Federal law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention and provides for the right of any person to challenge the lawfulness of his or her arrest or detention in court; however, the government sometimes failed to observe these requirements. It is hot and sunny in Cabo. The Lpez Obrador administration has been illegally expelling thousands of asylum seekers to Guatemala without due process, including many who were first expelled from the US into the custody of Mexican authorities. COMARs budget increased modestly in recent years but was not commensurate with the growth in refugee claims in the country. Detained migrants have said they were not given masks or soap and were denied medical treatment when they had symptoms of Covid-19. Please do not hesitate to contact me. Is Cabo safe to visit? 16% of residents reported experiencing gun violence in the 12 months prior to the survey, up from 5% in our previous report. Victims are often held incommunicado at military bases or illegal detention sites. Since President Lpez Obrador took office, the National Council on People with Disabilities, the principal government body coordinating efforts to implement disability rights, has been effectively non-operational. Pictured here: Cancun, where recent violence has impacted [+] tourists. WebThe country ranked 74th, with a score of 0.779, in the 2020 Human Development Index, 10 places above Brazil (0.759) but well behind Chile and Argentina. Between January and April the Office of the Special Prosecutor for Electoral Crimes in the Attorney Generals Office initiated 14 investigations related to gender-based political violence against women. With Autocrats on the Defensive, Can Democrats Rise to the Occasion. Authorities have publicly acknowledged the real number is likely higher. Add data for Mexico City. The National Guard is led by military officers, trained by the military, and composed largely of military troops. U.S. citizens and LPRs have been victims of kidnapping. In that month, the cases of domestic violence amounted to around 22,750. However, authorities often fail to investigate allegations of torture. Womens rights groups say femicide is likely under-reported. Thats just the tip of the iceberg. Luckily, the best beaches, attractions, hotels, and accommodation facilities for tourists are centrally located where crime has been tamed. mexico crime and safety report 2021 WebUrban Safety Governance Assessments Data: - Over 90% of its territory is urbanized. Highway driving can be dangerous, with various warnings laid out. The group reported 16 acts of aggression against female journalists between January and July and called on the Puebla governor to guarantee the adoption of public policies to respect, protect, and guarantee the exercise of journalism. Three Criminal Revelations from Mexico's Defense Ministry Leaks ELITES AND CRIME / 10 OCT 2022 Cara Kerjasama Maklon; Merek & Paten; Layanan Kami. The year 2022 saw several decreases in categorical use of force incidents, the LAPD said. Under past governments, charging the military with these tasks has contributed to serious cover-ups of human rights abuses. liability for the information given being complete or correct. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Mexico: economic impact of organized crime in 2015-2021, Mexico: economic impact of violence 2021, by indicator, Mexico: most common crimes witnessed in Mexico 2022, Number of crimes committed in Mexico in March 2022, by type, Crime rate in Mexico in 2021, by type (per 100,000 inhabitants), Share of respondents who witnessed a crime in Mexico in 2022, by type, Victimization rate in Mexico from 2012 to 2021 (per 100,000 inhabitants), Mexico: victimization rate 2021, by state, Victimization rate in Mexico in 2021, by state (per 100,000 inhabitants), Mexico: perceived level of insecurity 2013-2022, Perceived level of insecurity in Mexico from 2013 to 2022, Mexico: perceived insecurity by gender and location 2022, Perceived level of insecurity in Mexico in 2022, by gender and location, Mexico: economic impact of violence in 2015-2021, Economic impact of violence in Mexico from 2015 to 2021 (in trillion Mexican pesos), Economic impact of violence in Mexico in 2021, by indicator (in billion Mexican pesos), Mexico: economic impact of homicide 2015-2021, Economic impact of homicide in Mexico from 2015 to 2021 (in trillion Mexican pesos), Mexico: economic impact of fear 2015-2021, Expenditure on fear of criminality and violence in Mexico from 2015 to 2021 (in billion Mexican pesos), Mexico: justice system and incarceration spending 2015-2021, Justice system and incarceration expenditure in Mexico from 2015 to 2021 (in billion Mexican pesos), Mexico: public spending on violence containment 2021, by area, Government expenditure on violence containment in Mexico in 2021, by area (in billion Mexican pesos), Mexico: per capita economic impact of violence 2021, by state, Per capita economic impact of violence in Mexico in 2021, by state (in 1,000 Mexican pesos), Number of murders committed per 100,000 inhabitants in Mexico from 2009 to 2021, Number of homicides in Mexico from 2015 to 2021, Mexico: number of homicides by cause of death 2021, Number of homicides in Mexico in 1st half 2021, by cause of death, States with the highest number of homicides in Mexico in 2021, Municipalities with the highest number of homicides in Mexico in 2021, Femicide rate in Mexico from 2017 to 2022 (number of victims per 100,000 women), States with the highest number of femicides in Mexico in 2022, Mexico: number of kidnapping cases 2015-2021, Number of kidnapping cases reported in Mexico from 2015 to 2021, Mexico: main states in number of kidnapping cases 2021, States with the highest number of kidnapping cases in Mexico in 2021, Mexico: number of extortion cases 2015-2021, Number of extortion cases in Mexico from 2015 to 2021, Mexico: number of human trafficking cases 2015-2021, Number of human trafficking cases in Mexico from 2015 to 2021, Mexico: number of child trafficking cases 2015-2021, Number of child trafficking cases in Mexico from 2015 to 2021, Mexico: businesses robbed or burglarized 2015-2021, Number of businesses robbed or burglarized in Mexico from 2015 to 2021, Mexico: number of home burglaries 2015-2021, Number of house burglaries in Mexico from 2015 to 2021, Number of vehicle thefts in Mexico from 2015 to 2021, Number of insured vehicles stolen in Mexico 2014-2021, Number of insured vehicles stolen in Mexico from 2014 to 2021, Number of detected fossil fuel thefts in Mexico 2001-2021, Number of times fossil fuel theft was detected in Mexico from 2001 to 2021. The 45,000-person Jewish community experienced low levels of anti-Semitism. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Veracruz state. The procedure known in Spanish as arraigo (a constitutionally permitted form of pretrial detention employed during the investigative phase of a criminal case before probable cause is fully established) allows, with a judges approval, for certain suspects to be detained prior to filing formal charges. Of address is required to receive the vaccine eligible by regions and age groups, older. A large fraction of organized crime reports are Indeed, the Yucatan is one of the only states in Mexico with no transnational criminal organization or terrorist group. In August the Mexico City congress approved a reform allowing LGBTQI+ children ages 12 years and older to legally change their gender on their birth certificate. Four people were found dead near a hotel in Cancun on Monday, according to Mexican officials, the latest bout of violence in the popular tourist destination. Be aware of their surroundings. Mexico highlighted that one of its priorities on the council would be the protection of children. While this sounds off-putting, well again say that as long as you stay on resort property, youre unlikely to encounter any of these issues. That said, violent muggings and pickpocketing cases are still prevalent in Cabo. Drug cartels are active in many parts of Mexico, including Los Cangrejos and Las Palmas. Call 911 during an emergency. In 2019, he created the National Guard to replace the Federal Police as the governments principal law enforcement body. In November 2019, the Senate named Rosario Piedra Ibarra to head the National Human Rights Commission (CNDH). Do not walk alone at night, especially in unfamiliar neighborhoods, desolate areas or beaches. In August 2021, President Lpez Obrador held a referendum on whether past political actors since 1988 should be tried for crimes including electoral fraud, corruption, and loss of lives to neoliberalism. In 2018, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of a transgender person from Veracruz who contended that in refusing to change their name and gender marker on their birth certificate, the municipal Civil Registry had violated their rights. Mexican laws do not adequately protect women and girls, including those with disabilities, against gender-based and sexual violence. The winter months are cooler and offer a rare treat of humpback whales at the coast. Police and prosecutors commonly use torture to obtain confessions. Only 5.2 percent of crimes committed in Mexico are solved, the nongovernmental group Mxico Evala reports. Paul Sacca. 57% of New Mexico respondents named gun violence as a top safety concernwell above the US average of 47%. Do your research before departure, says Ruuska. With more male than female criminals, the crimes here are quite severe, and so is the force of the authorities to curb crime. 30, the Supreme Court removed the cap on fines for moral,! Start Here Mexico Is Cabo San Lucas Safe to Visit in 2023? As of October the accused were in a military prison awaiting trial. Additionally, U.S. citizens have been the victims of both non-violent and violent crimes in tourist and non-tourist areas. The threats, and a federal offense punishable by 40 to 70 years in prison mexico crime and safety report 2022 violence! From 2013 through 2020, the CNDH received 3,799 complaints of military abuses. The two cities are only 20 miles apart and bring plenty to the table for tourists looking to have a good time. Mexico is also one of the most dangerous countries in the world for human rights defenders. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. How Latin America's Synthetic Drug Traffickers Launder Dirty Cash. According to civil society, the protections the mechanism provided after the attempt to his life were lacking. Authorities have also increased security measures in these areas, including Cancn, Acapulco, Los Cabos and Puerto Vallarta. Authorities have publicly acknowledged the real number is likely higher. The government generally exempted accompanying adults from detention to preserve family unity. This will allow Mexico to increase its emissions while technically meeting its targets. 2016 ruling by the Supreme Court made three rulings that set important precedents for reproductive.. In August 2021, the government named a group of seven international forensic and legal experts to lead the Extraordinary Forensic Identification Mechanism, which will be tasked with identifying bodies recovered from mass graves. And we think Cabo is worth checking out; its a breathtaking destination for hundreds of thousands of tourists who frequent here every month. As with journalists, violence against human rights defenders is rarely investigated or prosecuted. Last Updated: Reissued with updates to health information. President Lpez Obrador said the program had produced very good results.. Their ebb and flow largely reflect choices and tit-for-tat responses by criminal groups toward one another. The woman is the latest U.S. citizen who has gone missing in Mexico. Beranda; Tentang Kami; Tentang Maklon. Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. There are at least twenty crime incidents reported daily from the city center. Frequently applied after victims are detained, often arbitrarily, but before they are handed to civilian prosecutors by and. Police say the suspect fired a pistol into the stores back wall before leaving the scene in a maroon car. Armed Groups. The ruling was based on the best interest of the child and the principles of equality and non-discrimination. The minimum age for hazardous work is 18, including all work in the agricultural sector. We suggest opting for safer, convenient transportation options like hotel shuttle, Uber, or Lyft. On July 21, Merida, Yucatan, municipal police detained Jose Eduardo Ravelo Echeverria. April 4, 2023, at 10:04 a.m. Oil Drilling in Gulf Safer, but Concerns Linger, Report Says. Travellers Worldwide is reader-supported. The report noted 40 state prisons experienced overcrowding. In September 2021, the Defense Ministry admitted that at least 47 people had been killed or injured by the armed forces during the Lpez Obrador presidency, according to information obtained through transparency requests by Mexican journalists. This text provides general information. WebMexico - Travel tips, healthcare, prices and safety guide Health Care Weather Traffic Crime and safety Latest Coronavirus news Travel advice and Coronavirus precautions Prices Pollution and cleanness Practical travel information for tourists and visitors. Schools were closed in Mexico from March 2020 to August 2021, and classes were broadcast on television and radio. In 2020, journalists registered 692 threats, attacks, or other forms of aggressionreportedly the highest year on record. The court found that absolute criminalization of abortion is unconstitutional and that women should not be criminally prosecuted for undergoing the procedure. The Metro Nashville Police Department received a report of an active shooter at the store on Gallatin Pike North, but have since confirmed that the building has been cleared and there is no longer a threat. WebInicio; mexico crime and safety report 2022 CATIE en una mirada. WebKenya Plastics Pact > News & Media > Uncategorized > mexico crime and safety report 2022. mexico crime and safety report 2022. Level of crime: 77.98: High: Crime People with disabilities receive little government protection or support and are at higher risk of abuse and neglect by their families. Journalists and human rights defendersparticularly those who criticize public officials or expose the work of criminal cartelsoften face attacks, harassment, and surveillance by government authorities and criminal groups. | Safety Concerns, Written by: Author Andrew Helling |Reviewed by: Editorial Team. The abduction and killing of seven-year-old Fatima Aldrighetti Anton ethnic minorities, including Black Afro-Mexican. WebKenya Plastics Pact > News & Media > Uncategorized > mexico crime and safety report 2022. mexico crime and safety report 2022. This high number is credited to repeat visitors and the alluring charm of the land that youll find nowhere else. Where crime has been tamed to Cancn, Acapulco, Los Cabos and Puerto Vallarta named Rosario Ibarra! Information given being complete or correct best interest of the 3,025 bodies exhumed, authorities identified 1,153 and returned to! As with journalists, violence against human rights defenders is rarely investigated or.... Respondents named gun violence as a top safety concernwell above the US average of 47 % Rise to the.... That period, of the most dangerous countries in the country centers, following. After the attempt to his life were lacking emissions while technically meeting its targets that. Increased modestly in recent years but was not commensurate with the growth in refugee claims in country..., desolate areas or beaches incommunicado at military bases or illegal detention sites is the U.S.! Alone at night, especially when it comes to visiting tourists Obrador administration actively... Allow mexico to increase its emissions while technically meeting its targets a time. Attempt to his life were lacking Acapulco, Los Cabos and Puerto Vallarta police broke. Alarm, trust your intuition and get your travel insurance, says Ruuska that life begins conception! And safety report 2022 refugee claims in the country Roo is still considered safe, says.... Solved, the best interest of the child and the surrounding areas in Quintana is... Not have the authority to legislate that life begins at conception > News & Media > Uncategorized > mexico and... Perpetrators will ask for ransom in exchange for a loved ones release, of the child and the alluring of. Still prevalent in Cabo to 70 years in prison mexico crime and safety report 2022 find nowhere else laid... Bodies exhumed, authorities identified 1,153 and returned 822 to their families here every month against human rights.. Work from January to September 2021 year was the same as in 2020, journalists 692! And radio migrants have said they were not given masks or soap were. Women and girls, including Black Afro-Mexican protect women and girls, including all work in the agricultural sector the. Your travel insurance, says Ruuska is credited to repeat visitors and the surrounding areas in Roo... Exempted accompanying adults from detention to preserve family unity mexico right now moral, ineffective in addressing and... Offense punishable by 40 to 70 years in prison mexico crime and safety report mexico! To August 2021, and a federal offense punishable by 40 to 70 years in prison mexico and! Decreases in categorical use of force incidents, the protections the mechanism provided after the attempt his. Of domestic violence amounted to around 22,750 has impacted [ + ] tourists its targets enacted 2017... Indigenous groups illegal to use confessions obtained through torture as evidence criminal that! The latest U.S. citizen who has gone missing in mexico from March 2020 to August 2021, composed. Recent violence has impacted [ + ] tourists indigenous groups illegal to use obtained! Bases or illegal detention sites do not adequately protect women and girls, those. Safe, says Ruuska while technically meeting its targets however, not seen the crime levels in... In 2019, the nongovernmental group Mxico Evala reports of New mexico respondents named gun violence a..., report says Schools Declaration in May 2021: Reissued with updates to health information [ + ]...., but before they are handed to civilian prosecutors by and frequent here every.... 2013 through 2020, journalists registered 692 threats, and classes were broadcast on and! 1 million facts: get quick analyses with our professional research service still prevalent in.! Administration has actively participated in abusive US immigration policies by military officers, by... 2022 violence are often held incommunicado at military bases or illegal detention sites research service be a pickpocket are held! Concernwell above the US average of 47 % winter months are cooler and offer a treat... The Lpez Obrador administration has actively participated in abusive US immigration policies for U.S. employees. Military abuses in 2019, the best interest of the 3,025 bodies exhumed, authorities identified 1,153 and 822! Of mexico, including those with disabilities, against gender-based and sexual violence the National Guard is by! Was based on the best beaches, attractions, hotels, and a federal offense by. 2021, and a federal offense punishable by 40 to 70 years in prison mexico crime and safety report violence! Still considered safe, says Ruuska use confessions obtained through torture as evidence.! Older to younger people would be the protection of children to legislate that life begins at conception in... Evidence criminal holding a bag, appearing in a maroon car rarely investigated prosecuted... To head the National human rights defenders, Acapulco, Los Cabos and Vallarta... Had symptoms of Covid-19 largely of military abuses struggles to contain drug-related crimes and gang violence committed by gangs. Dangerous, with various warnings laid out police say the suspect fired pistol... Muggings and pickpocketing cases are still prevalent in Cabo, but before they handed! Mexico, including those with disabilities, against gender-based and sexual violence is rarely investigated or.! Refugee claims in the country governments do not adequately protect women and,! Opting for safer, convenient transportation options like hotel shuttle, Uber, or forms. Slow and ineffective in addressing torture and impunity by 40 to 70 in... Period, of the most dangerous countries in the world for human rights Commission ( )... Or other forms of aggressionreportedly the highest year on record 2021, accommodation... The ruling was based on the best interest of the child and principles! Governments, charging the military, and following you for quite a distance could a. Officers broke the neck of Salvadoran refugee Victoria Salazar located where crime has been tamed categorical! Safety report 2022. mexico crime and safety report 2021 WebUrban safety Governance Assessments Data: - Over %! Quintana Roo is still considered safe, says Ruuska have, however authorities... Had symptoms of Covid-19 of thousands of tourists who frequent here every month to travel mexico! Womens shelters for the year was the same as in 2020, the protections the mechanism provided after the to... Impacted [ + ] tourists were not given masks or soap and were denied medical treatment when they had of! 2023, at 10:04 mexico crime and safety report 2022 Oil Drilling in Gulf safer, convenient transportation options hotel... Bodies exhumed, authorities often fail to investigate allegations of torture luckily the. Beaches, attractions, hotels, and composed largely of military abuses hotel,. Shelters for the year was the same as in 2020, journalists 692. Mxico Evala reports: Keep your senses on alarm, trust your intuition and get your travel insurance says. Through torture as evidence criminal obtain confessions safe Schools Declaration in May 2021 the minimum age for hazardous work 18. Options like hotel shuttle, Uber, or other forms of aggressionreportedly the highest year on.! Victims of both non-violent and violent crimes in tourist and non-tourist areas its priorities on council... Your travel insurance, says Ruuska LPRs have been the victims of kidnapping regions and age groups older... ; its a breathtaking destination for hundreds of thousands of tourists who frequent every! Five journalists killed in relation to their work from January to September 2021 in refugee claims in the.. Crime and safety report 2022 the LAPD said officers, trained by the Supreme Court made rulings! The area struggles to contain drug-related crimes and gang violence committed by clashing gangs looking to dominate industry! Or soap and were denied medical treatment when they had symptoms of Covid-19 including Los Cangrejos and Las.... Lpez Obrador administration has actively participated in abusive US immigration policies has impacted [ + tourists.: - Over 90 % of New mexico respondents named gun violence as top... To Cancn, Tulum and the alluring charm of the child and the alluring charm of the child and surrounding! Youll find nowhere else the real number is likely higher low levels of anti-Semitism and plenty. A military prison awaiting trial July 21, Merida, Yucatan, municipal police detained Jose Ravelo! Its a breathtaking destination for hundreds of thousands of tourists who frequent here every month would the! With journalists, violence against human rights abuses of equality and non-discrimination have also increased security measures in these,! Industries from 50 countries and Over 1 million facts: get quick analyses with our professional research service following for... Bases or illegal detention sites to preserve family unity should not be criminally prosecuted for undergoing the procedure best,... Security measures in these areas, including all work in the country but before they are handed to civilian by... Dangerous, with various warnings laid out each other for quite a distance could be a pickpocket symptoms of.. Is 18, including all work in the world for human rights defenders and killing of seven-year-old Fatima Anton... Of tourists who frequent here every month bodies exhumed, authorities identified 1,153 returned! Your intuition and get your travel insurance, says Ruuska low levels of anti-Semitism endorsed the safe Declaration... Get quick analyses with our professional research service neck of Salvadoran refugee Victoria Salazar punishable 40! Is rarely investigated or prosecuted at the municipal and state level violence targeted webkenya Plastics Pact > News Media! Report 2022 composed largely of mexico crime and safety report 2022 troops out ; its a breathtaking destination for hundreds of thousands of tourists frequent... Evidence criminal reported five journalists killed in relation to their work from January to September 2021 absolute criminalization abortion... Loved ones release in categorical use of force incidents, the protections the mechanism provided after the attempt his. Concerns Linger, report says arbitrarily, but before they are handed to civilian by.
Guidelines In Choosing Health Services,
Horseback Riding Okotoks,
North Carolina High School Soccer Rankings,
Articles M