Research Expert covering transportation and logistics. Most populous country in Africa - is a considerable cost saving measure and additionally a. Figure 1 presents a sample of four countries optimized routes that shuffle existing roads to produce a more fluid trade environment; black lines represent driving as the optimal method of transportation between locations and red lines represent walking as the optimal method of transportation. 
An overview of the South African road network. The proposed SPADE model provides a decision framework for paving low volume rural roads, based on a hybrid of Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA), Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA), and Cost Effectiveness Analysis (CEA), called the SPADE-PLUS approach, which is justified: economically, technically, socially, and environmentally. Source: Tilman Graff, Spatial Inefficiencies In Africas Trade Network, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series, 2019. 
Benefits accruing to non-motorized users are usually not considered making the current approach one that puts the benefit of moving vehicles above the benefits to people residing along these roads, without considering the differentiated opportunities and risks that transport infrastructure and services can bring to women and men based on their mobility patterns. Through the Africa Renewal digital magazine and social media platforms, webinars with youth groups, media relations, and other outreach and partnership efforts, we present a new narrative about Africa thatshowcases positive action and hope, while countering mostly negative stereotypical portrayals of Africa. 
The traditional approach fails to capture important but hard to quantify benefits, and thus biases itself to only recommending roads for paving that have higher traffic levels. Second most populous country in Africa, according to business executives & # ;. According to the most cars on the road get the leadership they ought rightly to?. Between 85 and 90 percent of all runways at the nation & # x27 ; s 3,364 commercial airports surfaced! According to the hypothesis, colonial rail infrastructure enticed further transportation infrastructure at the same locations due to the spatial organization of economic activity and urbanization clustered around those rail networks. .mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers{counter-reset:rowNumber}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers2.sortable{counter-reset:rowNumber -1}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers2.sortable.static-row-header-two{counter-reset:rowNumber -2}.mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers tr::before{display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers tr::before{content:""}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers-skip{counter-increment:rowNumber}.mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers.sortable tbody tr:not(.static-row-header):not(.static-row-numbers-norank)::before,.mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers:not(.sortable) tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header):not(.static-row-numbers-norank)::before{counter-increment:rowNumber;content:counter(rowNumber);padding-right:0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;vertical-align:inherit}.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-text thead tr::before{content:"No. . Unpaved roads have only a dynamic monitoring system, while paved roads have static and dynamic monitoring systems for both asphalt and concrete pavement. As a result, the traditional analysis usually yields regravelling as the solution in most low-volume rural road contexts, since the calculated benefits of travel-time savings and reduced operating costs are not enough to justify the higher costs associated with bringing the road to some form of paved standard. Note: Circle = project site; size of circle = logarithmic disbursement value of project in U.S. dollars. 
Lower population more than 110,000 vehicles are imported into the country and every year, than!, said the Eastern Capes department of transport/ and 90 percent of all roads in China are to. 
WebPorque En Auto-Educarte Para El Futuro Est Tu Fortuna. In 1997, the total road network in Ethiopia was 26,550 kilometres. Paved roads are those surfaced with crushed stone and hydrocarbon binder or bituminised agents, with concrete, or with cobblestones, as a percentage of all the country's roads, measured in length. In 2020 and bicycle lanes 5,000 km shocks, such as floods because water is being and! Covid-19 vaccine ought rightly to have have static and dynamic monitoring systems for both and! Surrogacy Cost in Georgia; Surrogacy Laws in Georgia; Surrogacy Centre in Georgia; Surrogacy Procedure in Georgia; Surrogate Mother Cost in Georgia 2022 A single track makes up around 42 percent of the soil road, whereas the remaining 58 percent are roads consisting of three to four tracks with an average width of 26.5 m. Only 34% of Africas rural population lives within two kilometres of an all-season road, it says. Investments in road infrastructure to enhance access and mobility have been an important part of World Banks strategy of fighting poverty and increasing shared prosperity since its inception. Commercialization of infrastructure delivery may be the answer, suggests Alhaji Bamanga Tukur, former director of the Nigerian Port Authority. WebAfrica has only about 25 per cent of the paved road per kilometre found in other low-income regions and about an eighth of the electricity-generation capacity per person. WebKenyas existing road network is comprised of 63,575 kilometers of classified roads and 114,225 kilometers of unclassified roads. How does SPADE overcome the traditional shortcomings in the decision to pave? Macau is the top country by road density in the world. In many countries, roads are concentrated in urban areas or around coastal ports -- trade routes established during colonial times for the overseas shipment of commodities. The SPADE-PLUS approach provides practitioners with a new tool to prioritize and justify pavement decision using a multi-criteria analysis backed up by economic justification in a systematic, robust and defensible way. No major trunk roads exist that link West Africa to central or southern Africa, and railways are concentrated in the southern Africa region. The topics we cover include sustainable development, climate action, agriculture, youth voices, womens empowerment, health, the African Continental Free Trade Area and other regional integration efforts, technology and innovation, peace and security, economic development and more. Annually, more than 100,000 vehicles are imported into the country. 
Scores are assigned for each of the factors in the SPADE model using the scales provided, with each being noted as normal (single weighting), critical (triple weighting), or super-critical (quintuple weighting). Because water is being harvested and maintenance costs are reduced your access to this site was by What Happens If Staples Stay In Too Long, Y Tu Capacidad de Cambiar el Mundo! Of note, he says, was that 50 per cent of the total capital, $500 mn, was mobilized within Nigeria. Between 1982 and 1994 private companies financed projects worth $340 mn, notes the ECA. They are run independently, include road users on their boards and are subject to external audits. Far fewer roads link neighbouring countries in regional networks. Publication of the South African Road Traffic Signs Manual (SARTSM) Volume 2, Revision 2015, South Africa has a road network of 750 000km's, the tenth longest network in the world, The South African National Roads Agency Limited (Sanral) is currently managing about 21 403 km's, of which 84 percent are non-tolled and only 16 percent are tolled, Provinces manage about 47 348 km's whereas 51 682km's is managed by municipalities, The blocking on road infrastructure is estimated at R197b, Roads represent one of the largest public infrastructure investments in the most countries, South African Road Replacement Cost is R2 Trillion, 1100 km's of surafced road were rehabilitated, We patched more than 1.4 million squares metres of potholes, 30 billion rand to create over 23 500 fulltime equivalent jobs in the 2014/15 financial year spent, There are over 6 million more vehicles on our roads today than they were in 1994. 
However, the paper does not focus on Africas dearth of infrastructure (Africa has approximately 31 kilometers of paved road per 100 square kilometers of land in comparison to 134 kilometers of paved road in other low-income countries). In Stage 1, the SPADE model incorporates 41 crucial paving decision factors grouped into five categories: country context, regional context, operational environment, road context, and engineering context. Road Infrastructure Strategic Framework for South Africa, October 2016. As many of the road intervention benefits are hard to quantify and are not usually captured in a traditional economic analysis, this leads to the need for a systematic framework for decision making on whether to pave, or not to pave a road. , : , . Notably, according to the author, Ethiopias transportation infrastructure is predominately structured north-to-south and has few trails that facilitate travel from east to west. The SPADE model underscores the need to address climate change considerations and means to better reflect and maximize climate co-benefits, which have a significant impact on how business is run under the rural road infrastructure context. To have Research Working Paper Series, 2019 a dynamic monitoring systems for both asphalt and concrete pavement Learn. According to the World Bank, 81.62% of all roads in China are paved.According to the most recent (2005) data. [ ] : . what percent of roads in africa are paved 2020 NTdmY2I4Yjc2ZDhjNWIwZDk1Mzc4ZTQ1NzY4OTI0NzVhZmQwZjcwM2Y4N2E5 total: 2,700 km (2011)paved: 1,620 km (2011)unpaved: 1,080 km (2011), total: 4,122 km (2010)paved: 3,392 km (2010)unpaved: 730 km (2010), total: 369,105 km (2018)paved: 110,311 km (2018)unpaved: 258,794 km (2018), total: 1,700 km (2015)paved: 1,700 km (2015), total: 118,414 km (2015)paved: 118,414 km (2015) (includes 1,747 km of expressways), total: 3,281 km (2017)paved: 601 km (2017)unpaved: 2,680 km (2017), total: 16,000 km (2006)paved: 1,400 km (2006)unpaved: 14,600 km (2006), total: 447 km (2010)paved: 447 km (2010)note: 225 km public roads; 222 km private roads, total: 12,205 km (2017)urban: 437 km (2017), total: 90,568 km (2017)paved: 9,792 km (2017)unpaved: 80,776 km (2017), total: 22,926 km (2010)paved: 19,426 km (2010) (4,652 km of interurban roads)unpaved: 3,500 km (2010), total: 31,747 km (2017)paved: 9,810 km (2017)unpaved: 21,937 km (2017), total: 2 million km (2018)paved: 246,000 km (2018)unpaved: 1.754 million km (2018), note: short section of paved road between port and airfield on Diego Garcia, total: 2,976 km (2014)paved: 2,559 km (2014)unpaved: 417 km (2014), total: 19,512 km (2011)paved: 19,235 km (2011) (includes 458 km of expressways)unpaved: 277 km (2011)note: does not include Category IV local roads, total: 15,304 km (2014)paved: 3,642 km (2014)unpaved: 11,662 km (2014), total: 157,000 km (2013)paved: 34,700 km (2013)unpaved: 122,300 km (2013), total: 12,322 km (2016)paved: 1,500 km (2016)unpaved: 10,822 km (2016), total: 1,350 km (2013)paved: 932 km (2013)unpaved: 418 km (2013), total: 47,263 km (2013)paved: 12,239 km (2013)unpaved: 35,024 km (2013), total: 77,589 km (2016)paved: 5,133 km (2016)unpaved: 72,456 km (2016), total: 1,042,300 km (2011)paved: 415,600 km (2011) (includes 17,000 km of expressways)unpaved: 626,700 km (2011), total: 24,000 km (2018)paved: 700 km (2018)unpaved: 23,300 km (2018), total: 40,000 km (2018)note: consists of 25,000 km of national and regional roads and 15,000 km of local roads; 206 km of urban roads are paved, total: 5.2 million km (2020)paved: 4.578 million km (2020) (includes 168000 km of expressways)unpaved: 622,000 km (2017), total: 142 km (2011)paved: 32 km (2011)unpaved: 110 km (2011), total: 22 km (2007)paved: 10 km (2007)unpaved: 12 km (2007), total: 880 km (2002)paved: 673 km (2002)unpaved: 207 km (2002), total: 152,373 km (2015)paved: 3,047 km (2015)unpaved: 149,326 km (2015)urban: 7,400 km (2015)non-urban: 144,973 km, total: 23,324 km (2017)paved: 3,111 km (2017)unpaved: 20,213 km (2017)note: road network in Congo is composed of 23,324 km of which 17,000 km are classified as national, departmental, and routes of local interest: 6,324 km are non-classified routes, total: 295 km (2018)paved: 207 km (2018)unpaved: 88 km (2018), total: 81,996 km (2007)paved: 6,502 km (2007)unpaved: 75,494 km (2007)note: includes intercity and urban roads; another 20,000 km of dirt roads are in poor condition and 150,000 km of dirt roads are impassable, total: 26,958 km (2015) (includes 1,416 km of expressways), total: 60,000 km (2015)paved: 20,000 km (2001)unpaved: 40,000 km (2001), total: 12,901 km (2016)government control: 12,901 km (2016) (includes 272 km of expressways)paved: 8,631 km (2016)unpaved: 4,270 km (2016)Turkish Cypriot control: 7,000 km (2011), total: 55,744 km (2019) (includes urban and category I, II, III roads)paved: 55,744 km (2019) (includes 1,252 km of expressways), total: 74,558 km (2017)paved: 74,558 km (2017) (includes 1,205 km of expressways), total: 1,512 km (2018)paved: 762 km (2018)unpaved: 750 km (2018), total: 19,705 km (2002)paved: 9,872 km (2002)unpaved: 9,833 km (2002), total: 43,950 km (2022)paved: 8,895 km (2022)unpaved: 35,055 km (2022), total: 65,050 km (2018)paved: 48,000 km (2018)unpaved: 17,050 km (2018), total: 9,012 km (2017)paved: 5,341 km (2017)unpaved: 3,671 km (2017), total: 16,000 km (2018)paved: 1,600 km (2000)unpaved: 14,400 km (2000), total: 58,412 km (2011) (includes urban roads)paved: 10,427 km (2011) (includes 115 km of expressways)unpaved: 47,985 km (2011), total: 440 km (2008)paved: 50 km (2008)unpaved: 390 km (2008), total: 960 km (2017)paved: 500 km (2017)unpaved: 460 km (2017)note: those islands not connected by roads (bridges or tunnels) are connected by seven different ferry links operated by the nationally owned company SSL; 28 km of tunnels, total: 3,440 km (2011)paved: 1,686 km (2011)unpaved: 1,754 km (2011), total: 454,000 km (2012)highways: 78,000 km (2012) (50,000 paved, including 700 km of expressways; 28,000 unpaved)private and forest roads: 350,000 km (2012)urban: 26,000 km (2012), total: 1,053,215 km (2011)urban: 654,201 km (2011)non-urban: 399,014 km (2011), total: 2,590 km (1999)paved: 1,735 km (1999)unpaved: 855 km (1999), total: 14,300 km (2001)paved: 900 km (2001)unpaved: 13,400 km (2001), total: 2,977 km (2011)paved: 518 km (2011)unpaved: 2,459 km (2011), total: 625,000 km (2017)paved: 625,000 km (2017) (includes 12,996 km of expressways)note: includes local roads, total: 65,725 km (2021)paved: 14,948 km (2021)unpaved: 50,777 km (2021)urban: 28,480 km 27% total paved 73% total unpaved, note: although there are short roads in towns, there are no roads between towns; inter-urban transport is either by sea or by air, total: 1,127 km (2017)paved: 902 km (2017)unpaved: 225 km (2017), total: 17,440 km (2020)paved: 7,458 km (2020)unpaved: 9,982 km (2020) (includes 4,548 km of rural roads), total: 44,301 km (2018)paved: 3,346 km (2018)unpaved: 40,955 km (2018), total: 4,400 km (2018)paved: 453 km (2018)unpaved: 3,947 km (2018), total: 3,995 km (2019)paved: 799 km (2019)unpaved: 3,196 km (2019), total: 4,102 km (2011)paved: 600 km (2011)unpaved: 3,502 km (2011), total: 14,742 km (2012)paved: 3,367 km (2012)unpaved: 11,375 km (2012) (1,543 km summer only)note: an additional 8,951 km of non-official roads used by the coffee industry, total: 2,193 km (2021)paved: 2,193 km (2021), total: 203,601 km (2014)paved: 77,087 km (2014) (includes 1,582 km of expressways)unpaved: 126,514 km (2014), total: 12,898 km (2012)paved/oiled gravel: 5,647 km (2012) (excludes urban roads)unpaved: 7,251 km (2012), total: 6,371,847 km (2021) note: includes 140,995 km of national highways and expressways, 171.039 km of state highways , and 6,059,813 km of other roadsnote: includes 96,214 km of national highways and expressways, 147,800 km of state highways, and 4,455,010 km of other roads, total: 496,607 km (2011)paved: 283,102 km (2011)unpaved: 213,505 km (2011), total: 223,485 km (2018)paved: 195,485 km (2018)unpaved: 28,000 km (2018), total: 59,623 km (2012)paved: 59,623 km (2012) (includes Kurdistan region), total: 99,830 km (2018)paved: 99,830 km (2018) (includes 2,717 km of expressways), total: 19,555 km (2017)paved: 19,555 km (2017) (includes 449 km of expressways), total: 487,700 km (2007)paved: 487,700 km (2007) (includes 6,700 km of expressways), total: 22,121 km (2011) (includes 44 km of expressways)paved: 16,148 km (2011)unpaved: 5,973 km (2011), total: 1,218,772 km (2015)paved: 992,835 km (2015) (includes 8,428 km of expressways)unpaved: 225,937 km (2015), total: 7,203 km (2011)paved: 7,203 km (2011), total: 96,167 km (2021)paved: 83,813 km (2021)unpaved: 12,354 km (2021), total: 161,452 km (2018)paved: 14,420 km (2017) (8,500 km highways, 1,872 urban roads, and 4,048 rural roads)unpaved: 147,032 km (2017), total: 25,554 km (2006)paved: 724 km (2006)unpaved: 24,830 km (2006), total: 100,428 km (2016)paved: 92,795 km (2016) (includes 4,193 km of expressways)unpaved: 7,633 km (2016), total: 2,012 km (2015)paved: 1,921 km (2015) (includes 78 km of expressways)unpaved: 91 km (2015), total: 5,749 km (2018)paved: 4,887 km (2018)unpaved: 862 km (2018), total: 39,586 km (2009)paved: 5,415 km (2009)unpaved: 34,171 km (2009), total: 70,244 km (2018)paved: 15,158 km (2018)unpaved: 55,086 km (2018), total: 5,940 km (2011)paved: 1,069 km (2011)unpaved: 4,871 km (2011), total: 10,600 km (2018)paved: 657 km (2018)unpaved: 9,943 km (2018), total: 37,000 km (2010)paved: 34,000 km (2010)unpaved: 3,000 km (2010), total: 84,166 km (2012)paved: 72,297 km (2012) (includes 312 km of expressways)unpaved: 11,869 km (2012), total: 15,452 km (2015)paved: 4,074 km (2015)unpaved: 11,378 km (2015), total: 144,403 km (2010) (excludes local roads)paved: 116,169 km (2010) (includes 1,821 km of expressways)unpaved: 28,234 km (2010), total: 93 km (2018)paved: 93 km (2018) - 60 km in Male; 16 km on Addu Atolis; 17 km on Laamunote: island roads are mainly compacted coral, total: 3,096 km (2008)paved: 2,704 km (2008)unpaved: 392 km (2008)urban: 1,422 km (2001)non-urban: 832 km (2001), total: 2,028 km (2007)paved: 75 km (2007)unpaved: 1,953 km, total: 12,253 km (2018)paved: 3,988 km (2018)unpaved: 8,265 km (2018), total: 2,428 km (2015)paved: 2,379 km (2015) (includes 99 km of expressways)unpaved: 49 km (2015), total: 704,884 km (2017)paved: 175,526 km (2017) (includes 10,845 km of expressways)unpaved: 529,358 km (2017), note - paved and unpaved circumferential roads, most interior roads are unpaved, total: 9,352 km (2012)paved: 8,835 km (2012)unpaved: 517 km (2012), total: 113,200 km (2017)paved: 10,600 km (2017)unpaved: 102,600 km (2017), total: 7,762 km (2010)paved: 7,141 km (2010)unpaved: 621 km (2010), note: volcanic eruptions that began in 1995 destroyed most of the 227 km road system; a new road infrastructure has been built on the north end of the island, total: 31,083 km (2015)paved: 7,365 km (2015)unpaved: 23,718 km (2015), total: 48,875 km (2018)paved: 7,893 km (2018)unpaved: 40,982 km (2018), total: 30 km (2002)paved: 24 km (2002)unpaved: 6 km (2002), total: 27,990 km (2016)paved: 11,890 km (2016)unpaved: 16,100 km (2016), total: 139,124 km (2016) (includes 3,654 km of expressways), total: 94,000 km (2017)paved: 61,600 km (2017) (includes 199 km of expressways)unpaved: 32,400 km (2017), total: 23,897 km (2014)paved: 3,346 km (2014)unpaved: 20,551 km (2014), total: 18,949 km (2010)paved: 3,912 km (2010)unpaved: 15,037 km (2010), total: 195,000 km (2017)paved: 60,000 km (2017)unpaved: 135,000 km (2017), total: 234 km (2017)paved: 210 km (2017)unpaved: 24 km, total: 80 km (2008)paved: 53 km (2008)unpaved: 27 km (2008), total: 14,182 km (2017) (includes 290 km of expressways)paved: 9,633 km (2017)unpaved: 4,549 km (2017), total: 94,902 km (2018) (includes 455 km of expressways), total: 60,230 km (2012)paved: 29,685 km (2012) (includes 1,943 km of expressways)unpaved: 30,545 km (2012), total: 264,175 km (2021)paved: 185,463 km (2021) (includes 708 km of expressways)unpaved: 78,712 km (2021), total: 125 km (2018)paved: 89 km (2018)unpaved: 36 km (2018), total: 9,349 km (2011)paved: 3,000 km (2011)unpaved: 6,349 km (2011), total: 78,811 km (2020)paved: 8,573 km (2020)unpaved: 70,238 km (2020), total: 18,699 km (2018)paved: 18,699 kmnote: includes 27,109 km of national roads (21,434 km paved), 247,505 km of departmental roads (3,623 km paved), and 113,857 km of local roads (1,858 km paved), total: 216,387 km (2014)paved: 61,093 km (2014)unpaved: 155,294 km (2014), total: 420,000 km (2016)paved: 291,000 km (2016) (includes 1,492 km of expressways, 1,559 of motorways)unpaved: 129,000 km (2016), total: 82,900 km (2008)paved: 71,294 km (2008) (includes 2,613 km of expressways)unpaved: 11,606 km (2008), total: 26,862 km (2012) (includes 454 km of expressways), total: 84,185 km (2012)paved: 49,873 km (2012) (includes 337 km of expressways)unpaved: 34,312 km (2012), total: 1,283,387 km (2012)paved: 927,721 km (2012) (includes 39,143 km of expressways)unpaved: 355,666 km (2012), total: 4,700 km (2012)paved: 1,207 km (2012)unpaved: 3,493 km (2012), total: 198 km (2002) (Saint Helena 138 km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 20 km)paved: 168 km (2002) (Saint Helena 118 km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 10 km)unpaved: 30 km (2002) (Saint Helena 20 km, Tristan da Cunha 10 km), total: 383 km (2002)paved: 163 km (2002)unpaved: 220 km (2002), total: 1,210 km (2011)paved: 847 km (2011)unpaved: 363 km (2011), total: 117 km (2009)paved: 80 km (2009)unpaved: 37 km (2009), total: 1,300 km (2018)paved: 230 km (2018)unpaved: 1,070 km (2018), total: 221,372 km (2006)paved: 47,529 km (2006) (includes 3,891 km of expressways)unpaved: 173,843 km (2006), total: 16,665 km (2017)paved: 6,126 km (2017) (includes 241 km of expressways)unpaved: 10,539 km (2017), total: 44,248 km (2016)paved: 28,000 km (2016) (16,162 km state roads, out of which 741 km highways)unpaved: 16,248 km (2016), total: 526 km (2015)paved: 514 km (2015)unpaved: 12 km (2015), total: 11,701 km (2015)paved: 1,051 km (2015)unpaved: 10,650 km (2015)urban: 3,000 km (2015)non-urban: 8,700 km (2015), total: 3,500 km (2017)paved: 3,500 km (2017) (includes 164 km of expressways), total: 56,926 km (2016) (includes local roads, national roads, and 464 km of highways), total: 38,985 km (2012)paved: 38,985 km (2012) (includes 769 km of expressways), total: 1,390 km (2011)paved: 34 km (2011)unpaved: 1,356 km (2011)note: includes 920 km of private plantation roads, total: 750,000 km (2016)paved: 158,124 km (2016)unpaved: 591,876 km (2016), total: 90,200 km (2019)paved: 300 km (2019)unpaved: 89,900 km (2019)note: most of the road network is unpaved and much of it is in disrepair; the Juba-Nimule highway connecting Juba to the border with Uganda is the main paved road in South Sudan, total: 683,175 km (2011)paved: 683,175 km (2011) (includes 16,205 km of expressways), total: 114,093 km (2010)paved: 16,977 km (2010)unpaved: 97,116 km (2010), total: 31,000 km (2019)paved: 8,000 km (2019)unpaved: 23,000 km (2019)urban: 1,000 km (2019), total: 4,304 km (2003)paved: 1,119 km (2003)unpaved: 3,185 km (2003), total: 573,134 km (2016) (includes 2,050 km of expressways)paved: 140,100 km (2016)unpaved: 433,034 km (2016)note: includes 98,500 km of state roads, 433,034 km of private roads, and 41,600 km of municipal roads, total: 71,557 km (2017)paved: 71,557 km (2017) (includes 1,458 of expressways), total: 69,873 km (2010)paved: 63,060 km (2010)unpaved: 6,813 km (2010), total: 43,206 km (2017)paved: 42,793 km (2017) (includes 1,348 km of highways and 737 km of expressways)unpaved: 413 km (2017), total: 145,203 km (2022)paved: 11,201 km (2022)unpaved: 134,002 km (2022), total: 180,053 km (2006) (includes 450 km of expressways), total: 6,040 km (2008)paved: 2,600 km (2008)unpaved: 3,440 km (2008), total: 9,951 km (2018)paved: 1,794 km (2018)unpaved: 8,157 km (2018)urban: 1,783 km (2018), total: 680 km (2011)paved: 184 km (2011)unpaved: 496 km (2011), total: 67,333 km (2018)paved: 24,082 km (2018) (includes 2,159 km of expressways)unpaved: 43,251 km (2018), total: 58,592 km (2002)paved: 47,577 km (2002)unpaved: 11,015 km (2002), total: 121 km (2003)paved: 24 km (2003)unpaved: 97 km (2003), total: 20,544 km (2017) (excludes local roads)paved: 4,257 km (2017)unpaved: 16,287 km (2017), total: 169,694 km (2012)paved: 166,095 km (2012) (includes 17 km of expressways)unpaved: 3,599 km (2012), total: 4,080 km (2008)paved: 4,080 km (2008) (includes 253 km of expressways), total: 394,428 km (2009)paved: 394,428 km (2009) (includes 3,519 km of expressways), total: 6,586,610 km (2012)paved: 4,304,715 km (2012) (includes 76,334 km of expressways)unpaved: 2,281,895 km (2012), total: 77,732 km (2010)paved: 7,743 km (2010)unpaved: 69,989 km (2010), total: 86,496 km (2000)paved: 75,511 km (2000)unpaved: 10,985 km (2000), total: 1,070 km (2000)paved: 256 km (2000)unpaved: 814 km (2000), total: 195,468 km (2013)paved: 148,338 km (2013)unpaved: 47,130 km (2013), total: 4,686 km (2010)paved: 4,686 km (2010)note: includes Gaza Strip, total: 71,300 km (2005)paved: 6,200 km (2005)unpaved: 65,100 km (2005), total: 67,671 km (2018)paved: 14,888 km (2018)unpaved: 52,783 km (2018), total: 97,267 km (2019)paved: 18,481 km (2019)unpaved: 78,786 km (2019), Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). 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An overview of the South African road network. The proposed SPADE model provides a decision framework for paving low volume rural roads, based on a hybrid of Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA), Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA), and Cost Effectiveness Analysis (CEA), called the SPADE-PLUS approach, which is justified: economically, technically, socially, and environmentally. Source: Tilman Graff, Spatial Inefficiencies In Africas Trade Network, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series, 2019. Benefits accruing to non-motorized users are usually not considered making the current approach one that puts the benefit of moving vehicles above the benefits to people residing along these roads, without considering the differentiated opportunities and risks that transport infrastructure and services can bring to women and men based on their mobility patterns. Through the Africa Renewal digital magazine and social media platforms, webinars with youth groups, media relations, and other outreach and partnership efforts, we present a new narrative about Africa thatshowcases positive action and hope, while countering mostly negative stereotypical portrayals of Africa. The traditional approach fails to capture important but hard to quantify benefits, and thus biases itself to only recommending roads for paving that have higher traffic levels. Second most populous country in Africa, according to business executives & # ;. According to the most cars on the road get the leadership they ought rightly to?. Between 85 and 90 percent of all runways at the nation & # x27 ; s 3,364 commercial airports surfaced! According to the hypothesis, colonial rail infrastructure enticed further transportation infrastructure at the same locations due to the spatial organization of economic activity and urbanization clustered around those rail networks. .mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers{counter-reset:rowNumber}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers2.sortable{counter-reset:rowNumber -1}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers2.sortable.static-row-header-two{counter-reset:rowNumber -2}.mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers tr::before{display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers tr::before{content:""}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers-skip{counter-increment:rowNumber}.mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers.sortable tbody tr:not(.static-row-header):not(.static-row-numbers-norank)::before,.mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers:not(.sortable) tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header):not(.static-row-numbers-norank)::before{counter-increment:rowNumber;content:counter(rowNumber);padding-right:0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;vertical-align:inherit}.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-text thead tr::before{content:"No. . Unpaved roads have only a dynamic monitoring system, while paved roads have static and dynamic monitoring systems for both asphalt and concrete pavement. As a result, the traditional analysis usually yields regravelling as the solution in most low-volume rural road contexts, since the calculated benefits of travel-time savings and reduced operating costs are not enough to justify the higher costs associated with bringing the road to some form of paved standard. Note: Circle = project site; size of circle = logarithmic disbursement value of project in U.S. dollars. Lower population more than 110,000 vehicles are imported into the country and every year, than!, said the Eastern Capes department of transport/ and 90 percent of all roads in China are to. WebPorque En Auto-Educarte Para El Futuro Est Tu Fortuna. In 1997, the total road network in Ethiopia was 26,550 kilometres. Paved roads are those surfaced with crushed stone and hydrocarbon binder or bituminised agents, with concrete, or with cobblestones, as a percentage of all the country's roads, measured in length. In 2020 and bicycle lanes 5,000 km shocks, such as floods because water is being and! Covid-19 vaccine ought rightly to have have static and dynamic monitoring systems for both and! Surrogacy Cost in Georgia; Surrogacy Laws in Georgia; Surrogacy Centre in Georgia; Surrogacy Procedure in Georgia; Surrogate Mother Cost in Georgia 2022 A single track makes up around 42 percent of the soil road, whereas the remaining 58 percent are roads consisting of three to four tracks with an average width of 26.5 m. Only 34% of Africas rural population lives within two kilometres of an all-season road, it says. Investments in road infrastructure to enhance access and mobility have been an important part of World Banks strategy of fighting poverty and increasing shared prosperity since its inception. Commercialization of infrastructure delivery may be the answer, suggests Alhaji Bamanga Tukur, former director of the Nigerian Port Authority. WebAfrica has only about 25 per cent of the paved road per kilometre found in other low-income regions and about an eighth of the electricity-generation capacity per person. WebKenyas existing road network is comprised of 63,575 kilometers of classified roads and 114,225 kilometers of unclassified roads. How does SPADE overcome the traditional shortcomings in the decision to pave? Macau is the top country by road density in the world. In many countries, roads are concentrated in urban areas or around coastal ports -- trade routes established during colonial times for the overseas shipment of commodities. The SPADE-PLUS approach provides practitioners with a new tool to prioritize and justify pavement decision using a multi-criteria analysis backed up by economic justification in a systematic, robust and defensible way. No major trunk roads exist that link West Africa to central or southern Africa, and railways are concentrated in the southern Africa region. The topics we cover include sustainable development, climate action, agriculture, youth voices, womens empowerment, health, the African Continental Free Trade Area and other regional integration efforts, technology and innovation, peace and security, economic development and more. Annually, more than 100,000 vehicles are imported into the country. Scores are assigned for each of the factors in the SPADE model using the scales provided, with each being noted as normal (single weighting), critical (triple weighting), or super-critical (quintuple weighting). Because water is being harvested and maintenance costs are reduced your access to this site was by What Happens If Staples Stay In Too Long, Y Tu Capacidad de Cambiar el Mundo! Of note, he says, was that 50 per cent of the total capital, $500 mn, was mobilized within Nigeria. Between 1982 and 1994 private companies financed projects worth $340 mn, notes the ECA. They are run independently, include road users on their boards and are subject to external audits. Far fewer roads link neighbouring countries in regional networks. Publication of the South African Road Traffic Signs Manual (SARTSM) Volume 2, Revision 2015, South Africa has a road network of 750 000km's, the tenth longest network in the world, The South African National Roads Agency Limited (Sanral) is currently managing about 21 403 km's, of which 84 percent are non-tolled and only 16 percent are tolled, Provinces manage about 47 348 km's whereas 51 682km's is managed by municipalities, The blocking on road infrastructure is estimated at R197b, Roads represent one of the largest public infrastructure investments in the most countries, South African Road Replacement Cost is R2 Trillion, 1100 km's of surafced road were rehabilitated, We patched more than 1.4 million squares metres of potholes, 30 billion rand to create over 23 500 fulltime equivalent jobs in the 2014/15 financial year spent, There are over 6 million more vehicles on our roads today than they were in 1994. However, the paper does not focus on Africas dearth of infrastructure (Africa has approximately 31 kilometers of paved road per 100 square kilometers of land in comparison to 134 kilometers of paved road in other low-income countries). In Stage 1, the SPADE model incorporates 41 crucial paving decision factors grouped into five categories: country context, regional context, operational environment, road context, and engineering context. Road Infrastructure Strategic Framework for South Africa, October 2016. As many of the road intervention benefits are hard to quantify and are not usually captured in a traditional economic analysis, this leads to the need for a systematic framework for decision making on whether to pave, or not to pave a road. , : , . Notably, according to the author, Ethiopias transportation infrastructure is predominately structured north-to-south and has few trails that facilitate travel from east to west. The SPADE model underscores the need to address climate change considerations and means to better reflect and maximize climate co-benefits, which have a significant impact on how business is run under the rural road infrastructure context. To have Research Working Paper Series, 2019 a dynamic monitoring systems for both asphalt and concrete pavement Learn. According to the World Bank, 81.62% of all roads in China are paved.According to the most recent (2005) data. [ ] : . what percent of roads in africa are paved 2020 NTdmY2I4Yjc2ZDhjNWIwZDk1Mzc4ZTQ1NzY4OTI0NzVhZmQwZjcwM2Y4N2E5 total: 2,700 km (2011)paved: 1,620 km (2011)unpaved: 1,080 km (2011), total: 4,122 km (2010)paved: 3,392 km (2010)unpaved: 730 km (2010), total: 369,105 km (2018)paved: 110,311 km (2018)unpaved: 258,794 km (2018), total: 1,700 km (2015)paved: 1,700 km (2015), total: 118,414 km (2015)paved: 118,414 km (2015) (includes 1,747 km of expressways), total: 3,281 km (2017)paved: 601 km (2017)unpaved: 2,680 km (2017), total: 16,000 km (2006)paved: 1,400 km (2006)unpaved: 14,600 km (2006), total: 447 km (2010)paved: 447 km (2010)note: 225 km public roads; 222 km private roads, total: 12,205 km (2017)urban: 437 km (2017), total: 90,568 km (2017)paved: 9,792 km (2017)unpaved: 80,776 km (2017), total: 22,926 km (2010)paved: 19,426 km (2010) (4,652 km of interurban roads)unpaved: 3,500 km (2010), total: 31,747 km (2017)paved: 9,810 km (2017)unpaved: 21,937 km (2017), total: 2 million km (2018)paved: 246,000 km (2018)unpaved: 1.754 million km (2018), note: short section of paved road between port and airfield on Diego Garcia, total: 2,976 km (2014)paved: 2,559 km (2014)unpaved: 417 km (2014), total: 19,512 km (2011)paved: 19,235 km (2011) (includes 458 km of expressways)unpaved: 277 km (2011)note: does not include Category IV local roads, total: 15,304 km (2014)paved: 3,642 km (2014)unpaved: 11,662 km (2014), total: 157,000 km (2013)paved: 34,700 km (2013)unpaved: 122,300 km (2013), total: 12,322 km (2016)paved: 1,500 km (2016)unpaved: 10,822 km (2016), total: 1,350 km (2013)paved: 932 km (2013)unpaved: 418 km (2013), total: 47,263 km (2013)paved: 12,239 km (2013)unpaved: 35,024 km (2013), total: 77,589 km (2016)paved: 5,133 km (2016)unpaved: 72,456 km (2016), total: 1,042,300 km (2011)paved: 415,600 km (2011) (includes 17,000 km of expressways)unpaved: 626,700 km (2011), total: 24,000 km (2018)paved: 700 km (2018)unpaved: 23,300 km (2018), total: 40,000 km (2018)note: consists of 25,000 km of national and regional roads and 15,000 km of local roads; 206 km of urban roads are paved, total: 5.2 million km (2020)paved: 4.578 million km (2020) (includes 168000 km of expressways)unpaved: 622,000 km (2017), total: 142 km (2011)paved: 32 km (2011)unpaved: 110 km (2011), total: 22 km (2007)paved: 10 km (2007)unpaved: 12 km (2007), total: 880 km (2002)paved: 673 km (2002)unpaved: 207 km (2002), total: 152,373 km (2015)paved: 3,047 km (2015)unpaved: 149,326 km (2015)urban: 7,400 km (2015)non-urban: 144,973 km, total: 23,324 km (2017)paved: 3,111 km (2017)unpaved: 20,213 km (2017)note: road network in Congo is composed of 23,324 km of which 17,000 km are classified as national, departmental, and routes of local interest: 6,324 km are non-classified routes, total: 295 km (2018)paved: 207 km (2018)unpaved: 88 km (2018), total: 81,996 km (2007)paved: 6,502 km (2007)unpaved: 75,494 km (2007)note: includes intercity and urban roads; another 20,000 km of dirt roads are in poor condition and 150,000 km of dirt roads are impassable, total: 26,958 km (2015) (includes 1,416 km of expressways), total: 60,000 km (2015)paved: 20,000 km (2001)unpaved: 40,000 km (2001), total: 12,901 km (2016)government control: 12,901 km (2016) (includes 272 km of expressways)paved: 8,631 km (2016)unpaved: 4,270 km (2016)Turkish Cypriot control: 7,000 km (2011), total: 55,744 km (2019) (includes urban and category I, II, III roads)paved: 55,744 km (2019) (includes 1,252 km of expressways), total: 74,558 km (2017)paved: 74,558 km (2017) (includes 1,205 km of expressways), total: 1,512 km (2018)paved: 762 km (2018)unpaved: 750 km (2018), total: 19,705 km (2002)paved: 9,872 km (2002)unpaved: 9,833 km (2002), total: 43,950 km (2022)paved: 8,895 km (2022)unpaved: 35,055 km (2022), total: 65,050 km (2018)paved: 48,000 km (2018)unpaved: 17,050 km (2018), total: 9,012 km (2017)paved: 5,341 km (2017)unpaved: 3,671 km (2017), total: 16,000 km (2018)paved: 1,600 km (2000)unpaved: 14,400 km (2000), total: 58,412 km (2011) (includes urban roads)paved: 10,427 km (2011) (includes 115 km of expressways)unpaved: 47,985 km (2011), total: 440 km (2008)paved: 50 km (2008)unpaved: 390 km (2008), total: 960 km (2017)paved: 500 km (2017)unpaved: 460 km (2017)note: those islands not connected by roads (bridges or tunnels) are connected by seven different ferry links operated by the nationally owned company SSL; 28 km of tunnels, total: 3,440 km (2011)paved: 1,686 km (2011)unpaved: 1,754 km (2011), total: 454,000 km (2012)highways: 78,000 km (2012) (50,000 paved, including 700 km of expressways; 28,000 unpaved)private and forest roads: 350,000 km (2012)urban: 26,000 km (2012), total: 1,053,215 km (2011)urban: 654,201 km (2011)non-urban: 399,014 km (2011), total: 2,590 km (1999)paved: 1,735 km (1999)unpaved: 855 km (1999), total: 14,300 km (2001)paved: 900 km (2001)unpaved: 13,400 km (2001), total: 2,977 km (2011)paved: 518 km (2011)unpaved: 2,459 km (2011), total: 625,000 km (2017)paved: 625,000 km (2017) (includes 12,996 km of expressways)note: includes local roads, total: 65,725 km (2021)paved: 14,948 km (2021)unpaved: 50,777 km (2021)urban: 28,480 km 27% total paved 73% total unpaved, note: although there are short roads in towns, there are no roads between towns; inter-urban transport is either by sea or by air, total: 1,127 km (2017)paved: 902 km (2017)unpaved: 225 km (2017), total: 17,440 km (2020)paved: 7,458 km (2020)unpaved: 9,982 km (2020) (includes 4,548 km of rural roads), total: 44,301 km (2018)paved: 3,346 km (2018)unpaved: 40,955 km (2018), total: 4,400 km (2018)paved: 453 km (2018)unpaved: 3,947 km (2018), total: 3,995 km (2019)paved: 799 km (2019)unpaved: 3,196 km (2019), total: 4,102 km (2011)paved: 600 km (2011)unpaved: 3,502 km (2011), total: 14,742 km (2012)paved: 3,367 km (2012)unpaved: 11,375 km (2012) (1,543 km summer only)note: an additional 8,951 km of non-official roads used by the coffee industry, total: 2,193 km (2021)paved: 2,193 km (2021), total: 203,601 km (2014)paved: 77,087 km (2014) (includes 1,582 km of expressways)unpaved: 126,514 km (2014), total: 12,898 km (2012)paved/oiled gravel: 5,647 km (2012) (excludes urban roads)unpaved: 7,251 km (2012), total: 6,371,847 km (2021) note: includes 140,995 km of national highways and expressways, 171.039 km of state highways , and 6,059,813 km of other roadsnote: includes 96,214 km of national highways and expressways, 147,800 km of state highways, and 4,455,010 km of other roads, total: 496,607 km (2011)paved: 283,102 km (2011)unpaved: 213,505 km (2011), total: 223,485 km (2018)paved: 195,485 km (2018)unpaved: 28,000 km (2018), total: 59,623 km (2012)paved: 59,623 km (2012) (includes Kurdistan region), total: 99,830 km (2018)paved: 99,830 km (2018) (includes 2,717 km of expressways), total: 19,555 km (2017)paved: 19,555 km (2017) (includes 449 km of expressways), total: 487,700 km (2007)paved: 487,700 km (2007) (includes 6,700 km of expressways), total: 22,121 km (2011) (includes 44 km of expressways)paved: 16,148 km (2011)unpaved: 5,973 km (2011), total: 1,218,772 km (2015)paved: 992,835 km (2015) (includes 8,428 km of expressways)unpaved: 225,937 km (2015), total: 7,203 km (2011)paved: 7,203 km (2011), total: 96,167 km (2021)paved: 83,813 km (2021)unpaved: 12,354 km (2021), total: 161,452 km (2018)paved: 14,420 km (2017) (8,500 km highways, 1,872 urban roads, and 4,048 rural roads)unpaved: 147,032 km (2017), total: 25,554 km (2006)paved: 724 km (2006)unpaved: 24,830 km (2006), total: 100,428 km (2016)paved: 92,795 km (2016) (includes 4,193 km of expressways)unpaved: 7,633 km (2016), total: 2,012 km (2015)paved: 1,921 km (2015) (includes 78 km of expressways)unpaved: 91 km (2015), total: 5,749 km (2018)paved: 4,887 km (2018)unpaved: 862 km (2018), total: 39,586 km (2009)paved: 5,415 km (2009)unpaved: 34,171 km (2009), total: 70,244 km (2018)paved: 15,158 km (2018)unpaved: 55,086 km (2018), total: 5,940 km (2011)paved: 1,069 km (2011)unpaved: 4,871 km (2011), total: 10,600 km (2018)paved: 657 km (2018)unpaved: 9,943 km (2018), total: 37,000 km (2010)paved: 34,000 km (2010)unpaved: 3,000 km (2010), total: 84,166 km (2012)paved: 72,297 km (2012) (includes 312 km of expressways)unpaved: 11,869 km (2012), total: 15,452 km (2015)paved: 4,074 km (2015)unpaved: 11,378 km (2015), total: 144,403 km (2010) (excludes local roads)paved: 116,169 km (2010) (includes 1,821 km of expressways)unpaved: 28,234 km (2010), total: 93 km (2018)paved: 93 km (2018) - 60 km in Male; 16 km on Addu Atolis; 17 km on Laamunote: island roads are mainly compacted coral, total: 3,096 km (2008)paved: 2,704 km (2008)unpaved: 392 km (2008)urban: 1,422 km (2001)non-urban: 832 km (2001), total: 2,028 km (2007)paved: 75 km (2007)unpaved: 1,953 km, total: 12,253 km (2018)paved: 3,988 km (2018)unpaved: 8,265 km (2018), total: 2,428 km (2015)paved: 2,379 km (2015) (includes 99 km of expressways)unpaved: 49 km (2015), total: 704,884 km (2017)paved: 175,526 km (2017) (includes 10,845 km of expressways)unpaved: 529,358 km (2017), note - paved and unpaved circumferential roads, most interior roads are unpaved, total: 9,352 km (2012)paved: 8,835 km (2012)unpaved: 517 km (2012), total: 113,200 km (2017)paved: 10,600 km (2017)unpaved: 102,600 km (2017), total: 7,762 km (2010)paved: 7,141 km (2010)unpaved: 621 km (2010), note: volcanic eruptions that began in 1995 destroyed most of the 227 km road system; a new road infrastructure has been built on the north end of the island, total: 31,083 km (2015)paved: 7,365 km (2015)unpaved: 23,718 km (2015), total: 48,875 km (2018)paved: 7,893 km (2018)unpaved: 40,982 km (2018), total: 30 km (2002)paved: 24 km (2002)unpaved: 6 km (2002), total: 27,990 km (2016)paved: 11,890 km (2016)unpaved: 16,100 km (2016), total: 139,124 km (2016) (includes 3,654 km of expressways), total: 94,000 km (2017)paved: 61,600 km (2017) (includes 199 km of expressways)unpaved: 32,400 km (2017), total: 23,897 km (2014)paved: 3,346 km (2014)unpaved: 20,551 km (2014), total: 18,949 km (2010)paved: 3,912 km (2010)unpaved: 15,037 km (2010), total: 195,000 km (2017)paved: 60,000 km (2017)unpaved: 135,000 km (2017), total: 234 km (2017)paved: 210 km (2017)unpaved: 24 km, total: 80 km (2008)paved: 53 km (2008)unpaved: 27 km (2008), total: 14,182 km (2017) (includes 290 km of expressways)paved: 9,633 km (2017)unpaved: 4,549 km (2017), total: 94,902 km (2018) (includes 455 km of expressways), total: 60,230 km (2012)paved: 29,685 km (2012) (includes 1,943 km of expressways)unpaved: 30,545 km (2012), total: 264,175 km (2021)paved: 185,463 km (2021) (includes 708 km of expressways)unpaved: 78,712 km (2021), total: 125 km (2018)paved: 89 km (2018)unpaved: 36 km (2018), total: 9,349 km (2011)paved: 3,000 km (2011)unpaved: 6,349 km (2011), total: 78,811 km (2020)paved: 8,573 km (2020)unpaved: 70,238 km (2020), total: 18,699 km (2018)paved: 18,699 kmnote: includes 27,109 km of national roads (21,434 km paved), 247,505 km of departmental roads (3,623 km paved), and 113,857 km of local roads (1,858 km paved), total: 216,387 km (2014)paved: 61,093 km (2014)unpaved: 155,294 km (2014), total: 420,000 km (2016)paved: 291,000 km (2016) (includes 1,492 km of expressways, 1,559 of motorways)unpaved: 129,000 km (2016), total: 82,900 km (2008)paved: 71,294 km (2008) (includes 2,613 km of expressways)unpaved: 11,606 km (2008), total: 26,862 km (2012) (includes 454 km of expressways), total: 84,185 km (2012)paved: 49,873 km (2012) (includes 337 km of expressways)unpaved: 34,312 km (2012), total: 1,283,387 km (2012)paved: 927,721 km (2012) (includes 39,143 km of expressways)unpaved: 355,666 km (2012), total: 4,700 km (2012)paved: 1,207 km (2012)unpaved: 3,493 km (2012), total: 198 km (2002) (Saint Helena 138 km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 20 km)paved: 168 km (2002) (Saint Helena 118 km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 10 km)unpaved: 30 km (2002) (Saint Helena 20 km, Tristan da Cunha 10 km), total: 383 km (2002)paved: 163 km (2002)unpaved: 220 km (2002), total: 1,210 km (2011)paved: 847 km (2011)unpaved: 363 km (2011), total: 117 km (2009)paved: 80 km (2009)unpaved: 37 km (2009), total: 1,300 km (2018)paved: 230 km (2018)unpaved: 1,070 km (2018), total: 221,372 km (2006)paved: 47,529 km (2006) (includes 3,891 km of expressways)unpaved: 173,843 km (2006), total: 16,665 km (2017)paved: 6,126 km (2017) (includes 241 km of expressways)unpaved: 10,539 km (2017), total: 44,248 km (2016)paved: 28,000 km (2016) (16,162 km state roads, out of which 741 km highways)unpaved: 16,248 km (2016), total: 526 km (2015)paved: 514 km (2015)unpaved: 12 km (2015), total: 11,701 km (2015)paved: 1,051 km (2015)unpaved: 10,650 km (2015)urban: 3,000 km (2015)non-urban: 8,700 km (2015), total: 3,500 km (2017)paved: 3,500 km (2017) (includes 164 km of expressways), total: 56,926 km (2016) (includes local roads, national roads, and 464 km of highways), total: 38,985 km (2012)paved: 38,985 km (2012) (includes 769 km of expressways), total: 1,390 km (2011)paved: 34 km (2011)unpaved: 1,356 km (2011)note: includes 920 km of private plantation roads, total: 750,000 km (2016)paved: 158,124 km (2016)unpaved: 591,876 km (2016), total: 90,200 km (2019)paved: 300 km (2019)unpaved: 89,900 km (2019)note: most of the road network is unpaved and much of it is in disrepair; the Juba-Nimule highway connecting Juba to the border with Uganda is the main paved road in South Sudan, total: 683,175 km (2011)paved: 683,175 km (2011) (includes 16,205 km of expressways), total: 114,093 km (2010)paved: 16,977 km (2010)unpaved: 97,116 km (2010), total: 31,000 km (2019)paved: 8,000 km (2019)unpaved: 23,000 km (2019)urban: 1,000 km (2019), total: 4,304 km (2003)paved: 1,119 km (2003)unpaved: 3,185 km (2003), total: 573,134 km (2016) (includes 2,050 km of expressways)paved: 140,100 km (2016)unpaved: 433,034 km (2016)note: includes 98,500 km of state roads, 433,034 km of private roads, and 41,600 km of municipal roads, total: 71,557 km (2017)paved: 71,557 km (2017) (includes 1,458 of expressways), total: 69,873 km (2010)paved: 63,060 km (2010)unpaved: 6,813 km (2010), total: 43,206 km (2017)paved: 42,793 km (2017) (includes 1,348 km of highways and 737 km of expressways)unpaved: 413 km (2017), total: 145,203 km (2022)paved: 11,201 km (2022)unpaved: 134,002 km (2022), total: 180,053 km (2006) (includes 450 km of expressways), total: 6,040 km (2008)paved: 2,600 km (2008)unpaved: 3,440 km (2008), total: 9,951 km (2018)paved: 1,794 km (2018)unpaved: 8,157 km (2018)urban: 1,783 km (2018), total: 680 km (2011)paved: 184 km (2011)unpaved: 496 km (2011), total: 67,333 km (2018)paved: 24,082 km (2018) (includes 2,159 km of expressways)unpaved: 43,251 km (2018), total: 58,592 km (2002)paved: 47,577 km (2002)unpaved: 11,015 km (2002), total: 121 km (2003)paved: 24 km (2003)unpaved: 97 km (2003), total: 20,544 km (2017) (excludes local roads)paved: 4,257 km (2017)unpaved: 16,287 km (2017), total: 169,694 km (2012)paved: 166,095 km (2012) (includes 17 km of expressways)unpaved: 3,599 km (2012), total: 4,080 km (2008)paved: 4,080 km (2008) (includes 253 km of expressways), total: 394,428 km (2009)paved: 394,428 km (2009) (includes 3,519 km of expressways), total: 6,586,610 km (2012)paved: 4,304,715 km (2012) (includes 76,334 km of expressways)unpaved: 2,281,895 km (2012), total: 77,732 km (2010)paved: 7,743 km (2010)unpaved: 69,989 km (2010), total: 86,496 km (2000)paved: 75,511 km (2000)unpaved: 10,985 km (2000), total: 1,070 km (2000)paved: 256 km (2000)unpaved: 814 km (2000), total: 195,468 km (2013)paved: 148,338 km (2013)unpaved: 47,130 km (2013), total: 4,686 km (2010)paved: 4,686 km (2010)note: includes Gaza Strip, total: 71,300 km (2005)paved: 6,200 km (2005)unpaved: 65,100 km (2005), total: 67,671 km (2018)paved: 14,888 km (2018)unpaved: 52,783 km (2018), total: 97,267 km (2019)paved: 18,481 km (2019)unpaved: 78,786 km (2019), Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). 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