Philby confirmed that he had worked for the KGB and that "his purpose in life was to destroy imperialism".[80]. He was paid 500 roubles a month (the average Soviet salary in 1960 was Rbls80.60 a month and Rbls122 in 1970)[76][77] and his family was not immediately able to join him in exile. [11][pageneeded], In February 1937, Philby travelled to Seville, Spain, then embroiled in a bloody civil war triggered by the coup d'tat of Falangist forces under General Francisco Franco against the government of President Manuel Azaa. In 1949 Philby was appointed first secretary to the British Embassy in Washington and served as chief British liaison with American intelligence agencies. In England in 1963, Nicholas Elliott works for MI6 but is left in turmoil when he learns his close friend and colleague Kim Philby had been secretly working as a double agent for the KGB and has defected to the Soviet Union. [72][pageneeded], It was not until 1 July 1963 that Philby's flight to Moscow was officially confirmed. [11][pageneeded], Both the British and the Soviets were interested in analyzing the combat performance of the new Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter planes and Panzer I and Panzer II tanks deployed with Falangist forces in Spain. The organization was one of several fronts operated by German communist Willi Mnzenberg, a member of the Reichstag who had fled to France in 1933. It was published by Casterman in 2015, One of the earliest appearances of Philby as a character in fiction was in the 1974, In the 1987 adaptation of the novel, also named, Philby appears as one of the central antagonists in, Under the cover name of 'Mowgli' Philby appears in, Philby was the inspiration for the character of British intelligence officer Archibald "Arch" Cummings in the 2006 film, The song "Angleton", by Russian indie rock band, This page was last edited on 5 April 2023, at 12:15. In 1940 he was interviewed by MI5 officers in London, led by Jane Archer. But the rezident (Russian term for spymaster) in France, probably Pierre at this time, suggested to Moscow that he suspected Philby's motives. [1] He was awarded the US Legion of Merit for his services to the Office of Strategic Services. JOHN Philby, the eldest son of Soviet spy Kim Philby, who was a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, has died in England. A passionate Arabist, he served in the Middle East as a civil servant and political agent, but became increasingly disillusioned with British policy in the region and fell out with the London establishment in spectacular fashion over its treatment of the Arabs, gaining a reputation as a troublemaker and dangerous radical. 7-11-1943 - 14-8-2009. He was a man of considerable cultural background. [1], Elliott died in London on 13 April 1994, aged 77.[1]. "[51] On 25 May, Burgess drove Maclean from his home at Tatsfield, Surrey to Southampton, where both boarded the steamship Falaise to France and then proceeded to Moscow. David Pryce-Jones: October 2004: The New Criterion published by the Foundation for Cultural Review, New York, a nonprofit public foundation as described in Section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code, London Gazette Issue 43735 published on 10 August 1965. p. 1, plot to subvert the communist regime of Albania, Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 19411945", "Philby, Harold Adrian Russell [Kim] (19121988), spy", Cricinfo Player Profile of Ernest Sheepshanks, "Kim Philby, British double agent, reveals all in secret video", "Kim Philby, the Observer connection and the establishment world of spies", " 70 [1987, DjVu, RUS] [The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. [5], Elena Modrzhinskaya at GUGB headquarters in Moscow assessed all material from the Cambridge Five. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. I thought, you know, hes a bit old.. 
"If he did not act at once it would be too late," the telegram read, "because [Philby] would send his car to the scrap heap. His grandson says he knew very little about this other, Saudi, side of the family. Rozy Philby, as she was known, had five children, although two died in infancy, a tragedy all too common in the region at that time. On 25 October 1955, following revelations in The New York Times, Labour MP Marcus Lipton used parliamentary privilege to ask Prime Minister Anthony Eden if he was determined "to cover up at all costs the dubious third man activities of Mr Harold Philby"[57] This was reported in the British press, leading Philby to threaten legal action against Lipton if he repeated his accusations outside Parliament. He was publicly exonerated in 1955, after which he resumed his career as both a journalist and a spy for SIS in Beirut, Lebanon. Pukhova said he was a "special" and principled man. [47], Burgess, who had been given a post as Second Secretary at the British Embassy, took up residence in the Philby family home and rapidly set about causing offence to all and sundry. When the Germans threatened to overrun Paris in 1940, where she was then living at this time, Philby arranged for Friedmann's escape to Britain. In his early teens, he spent some time with the Bedouin in the desert of Saudi Arabia. Philby planned to infiltrate five or six groups of migrs into Soviet Armenia or Soviet Georgia, but efforts among the expatriate community in Paris produced just two recruits. [83] Philby claimed publicly in January 1988 that he did not regret his decisions and that he missed nothing about England except some friends, Colman's mustard and Lea & Perrins Worcestershire sauce. [44] She was sent to a clinic in Switzerland to recover. [90] Aileen suffered from psychiatric problems, which grew more severe during the period of poverty and suspicion following the flight of Burgess and Maclean. In her article, published yesterday in British daily The Independent, she describes Kim Philby as a proud man, and one who chose to publicly stand by his actions. He used a simpler system for MI6, delivering post at Hendaye, France, for the British embassy in Paris. In his lifetime, Kim married four times, and had five children by his second wife Aileen Furse. The offer was politely declined, for his grandfather was no stranger to discomfort. When Jane Archer (who had interviewed Krivitsky) was appointed to Philby's section he moved her off investigatory work in case she became aware of his past. Born in Ambala, Punjab, British India, Harold Adrian Russell Philby was the son of Dora Johnston and St John Philby, an author, Arabist and explorer. In 1956, Philby began an affair with Eleanor Brewer, the wife of New York Times correspondent Sam Pope Brewer. The witnesses were Toms Harris and Flora Solomon. [11][pageneeded] Following the Austrofascist victory in the Austrian Civil War, Philby and Friedmann married in February 1934, enabling her to escape to the United Kingdom with him two months later. They knew the risks they were running. He also delivered clothes and money to refugees. His eldest son was my father, John who was himself a 19-year-old art student in 1963 when he first learnt of Kims espionage; stepping off a ferry on the Isle of Wight, he was met by a billboard stating that Kim was a wanted man. On 23 May, concerned that Maclean had not yet fled, Philby wired Burgess, ostensibly about his Lincoln convertible abandoned in the Embassy car park. This role allowed him to conduct sabotage and instruct agents on how to properly conduct sabotage. Of the five, Philby is believed to have been most successful in providing secret information to the Soviets.[2]. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. [6] Following in the footsteps of his father, Philby continued to Westminster School, which he left in 1928 at the age of 16. Aileen died in 1957, leaving him five children. Turkish intelligence took them to a border crossing into Georgia but soon afterwards shots were heard. The Soviets, who had reported a diver in trouble near the stern, did not complain but also denied responsibility for Crabb's death. I'm pretty family minded, so anyone who's family to me is someone special. [38] Nevertheless, Angleton's suspicions went unheard. In late 1944 Philby, on instructions from his Soviet handler, maneuvered through the system successfully to replace Cowgill as head of Section Nine. 
[27] His time at Section D, however, was short-lived; the "tiny, ineffective, and slightly comic" section[28] was soon absorbed by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in the summer of 1940. A Spy Among Friends tells the tale the friendship between British spies Kim Philby and Nicholas Elliott. [11][pageneeded], In July 1939, Philby returned to The Times office in London. Solomon introduced Philby to the woman who would become Philby's second wife, Aileen Furse. In 1940 he began working for the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6). Foremost an explorer, who was meticulous in his scientific observations, his greatest achievement is generally considered to be the crossing of the Empty Quarter, a test many did not expect him to survive, and which earned further plaudits from the Royal Geographical Society, which had already awarded him its Founders Medal. Born in India in the British Raj, his father was the famed explorer St John Philby. After the magazine's owner changed the paper's role to covering Anglo-German trade, Philby engaged in a concerted effort to make contact with Germans such as Joachim von Ribbentrop, at that time the German ambassador in London. "He once even said that it was the easiest way to bring life to an end. Three sons survived and thrived. "I tried everything to save him; after all, he was killing himself. She didn't have any contact, she simply said she'd heard that they were very intelligent, and that was all. But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. While working in Section Five, Philby had become acquainted with James Jesus Angleton, a young American counter-intelligence officer working in liaison with SIS in London. [11][pageneeded] On a short trip back from Spain, Philby tried to recruit Flora Solomon as a Soviet agent; she was the daughter of a Russian banker and gold dealer, a relative of the Rothschilds, and wife of a London stockbroker. [1] Philby, with whom Elliott had worked in Beirut, had been a friend, and Elliott felt his betrayal bitterly. United Kingdom. "[59] Following this, Philby gave a press conference in whichcalmly, confidently, and without the stammer he had struggled with since childhoodhe reiterated his innocence, declaring, "I have never been a communist. Born in India in the British Raj, his father was the famed explorer St John Philby. His MI6 career was notable for his involvement with the Lionel Crabb affair in the 1950s and the flight of double agent Kim Philby to Moscow in 1963. The gang of British spies who ended up in Moscow in the 1950s and 1960s were employed in KGB training schools and international research institutes. It was a mystery. He never promised to give up, but once, completely unexpectedly, he suddenly said, 'I'm afraid I'm going to lose you, I'm not going to drink any more.' A plaque in his honour was unveiled by the head of the foreign intelligence service at its headquarters in Moscow in December. A similar lapse occurred with a report from the Imperial Japanese Embassy in Moscow sent to Tokyo. To protect his family, still living in the USSR, Orlov said nothing about Philby, an agreement Stalin respected. [3], On the evening of 23 January 1963, Philby vanished from Beirut, failing to meet his wife for a dinner party at the home of Glencairn Balfour Paul, First Secretary at the British Embassy. Litzi lived in Paris before returning to London for the duration of the war; she ultimately settled in East Germany. Charlotte is the granddaughter of Kim Philby, Britains most famous communist double-agent, the elusive third man in the notorious Cambridge spy ring. "[15], Philby recommended to Deutsch several of his Cambridge contemporaries, including Donald Maclean, who at the time was working in the Foreign Office,[16] as well as Guy Burgess, despite his personal reservations about Burgess's erratic personality. When Britain declared war on Germany in September 1939, Philby's contact with his Soviet controllers was lost and Philby failed to attend the meetings that were necessary for his work. [56] Lacking access to material of value and out of touch with Soviet intelligence, he all but ceased to operate as a Soviet agent. During the Phoney War from September 1939 until the Dunkirk evacuation, Philby worked as The Times' first-hand correspondent with the British Expeditionary Force headquarters. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ORB, OL ODN (1 January 1912 11 May 1988)[1] was a British intelligence officer and a double agent for the Soviet Union. This is what he was like. Charlotte Philby, daughter of John Philby, H.A.R. His MI6 career was notable for his involvement with the Lionel Crabb affair in the 1950s and the flight of double agent Kim Philby to Moscow in 1963. WebBefore he was exposed, Philby was the mentor of James Jesus Angleton, one of the central figures in the early years of the CIA who became the long-serving chief of the counter-intelligence staff of the Agency. Kim Philby and Jim Angleton first met at Bletchley Park, in early 1944. WebKim Philby divorced Litzi Friedmann on 17th September 1946. She lived separately from Philby, settling with their children in Crowborough while he lived first in London and later in Beirut. His father had a distinguished past as an explorer and fixer for the regions movers and shakers, and any intelligence Kim could pick up through his fathers outstanding contacts would be useful to the bosses in London. He reported to the Soviet NKVD from the Spanish civil war under the guise of a correspondent for the Times, and in 1940 joined the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, or MI6), becoming a double agent and passing many secrets to the Kremlin. [61], It is unclear whether Philby had been alerted, but Eleanor noted that as 1962 wore on, expressions of tension in his life "became worse and were reflected in bouts of deep depression and drinking". [4][5], Nicknamed "Kim" after the boy-spy in Rudyard Kipling's novel Kim,[3] Philby attended Aldro preparatory school, an all-boys school located in Shackleford near Godalming in Surrey, England, United Kingdom. However, when Elliott asked him to sign a written statement, he hesitated and requested a delay in the interrogation. [68], Philby told Elliott that he was "half expecting" to see him. He Was Born in India. United Kingdom. In his lifetime, Kim married four times, and had five children by his second wife Aileen Furse. These lapses by Philby aroused intense suspicion in Moscow. Following his debriefing in the US, Golitsyn was sent to SIS for further questioning. The NKVD received the same report from Richard Sorge but with an extra paragraph claiming that Hitler might seek a separate peace with the Soviet Union. So Philby left his wife and children in England in September 1956, arriving in a country for which he had little natural sympathy. His MI6 career was notable for his involvement with the Lionel Crabb affair in the 1950s and the flight of double agent Kim Philby to Moscow in 1963. Philby's award of the Order of the British Empire was cancelled and annulled in 1965. Philby's children. "There was one funny incident," she remembered. He graduated in 1933 with a 2:1 degree in Economics. Philby found that the award proved helpful in obtaining access to fascist circles: "Before then," he later wrote, "there had been a lot of criticism of British journalists from Franco officers who seemed to think that the British in general must be a lot of Communists because so many were fighting with the International Brigades. By the end of the Second World War he had become a high-ranking member. It has since been suggested that the whole confrontation with Elliott had been a charade to convince the KGB that Philby had to be brought back to Moscow, where he could serve as a British penetration agent of Moscow Centre. Michael Engelbach and Reem Philby meet at the Royal Geographical Society at the launch of the Heart of Arabia expedition. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. A plaque in his honour was unveiled by the head of the foreign intelligence service at its headquarters in Moscow in December. As a small boy looking at this grandfatherly figure, he was in every essence, the grandfather. John Nicholas Rede Elliott (15 November 1916 13 April 1994) was an MI6 Intelligence Officer. In her absence, Philby had begun an affair with Donald Maclean's wife, Melinda. They subsequently moved to Britain; however, as Philby assumed the role of a fascist sympathiser, they separated. [19] Maly was one of the Soviet Union's most powerful and influential illegal controllers and recruiters. He took a job at a monthly magazine, the World Review of Reviews, for which he wrote a large number of articles and letters (sometimes under a variety of pseudonyms) and occasionally served as "acting editor. Aileen died in 1957, when Tommy was just 11 years old; his contact with his father was cut off as soon as the double spy defected to the USSR in January 1963. [75], Upon his arrival in Moscow in January 1963, Philby discovered that he was not a colonel in the KGB, as he had been led to believe. She has three children and lives in London. [81] In the book, Philby says that his loyalties were always with the communists; he considered himself not to have been a double agent but "a straight penetration agent working in the Soviet interest". Under a cloud of suspicion raised by his highly visible and intimate association with Burgess, Philby returned to London. Jubilee Statistical Yearbook]", "The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. Kim Philby and Jim Angleton first met at Bletchley Park, in early 1944. A plaque in his honour was unveiled by the head of the foreign intelligence service at its headquarters in Moscow in December. Years after the war, Sir Hardy Amies, who had served as an intelligence officer during the war, recalled that Philby was in his mess and on being asked what the infamous spy was like, Hardy quipped, "He was always trying to get information out of memost significantly the name of my tailor". In the same interview, she confirmed that Philby was a heavy drinker when they first met, but later became sober. Kim touched many corners of the Empire in his early years, from his birthplace in India to the deserts of the Arabian peninsula to the prestigious schools of England. Allegiance. [9][pageneeded]. Philby admired the strength of her political convictions and later recalled that at their first meeting: A frank and direct person, Litzi came out and asked me how much money I had. Facing exposure by MI6 and almost certainly the death penalty, Kim Philby had fled to Moscow - from where he wrote to his wife pleading for her to join him. He was thirty-four; she was thirty-five and seven months pregnant with their fourth child, Miranda. Charlotte Philby's grandfather was the double agent Kim Philby. She has three children and lives in London. In England in 1963, Nicholas Elliott works for MI6 but is left in turmoil when he learns his close friend and colleague Kim Philby had been secretly working as a double agent for the KGB and has defected to the Soviet Union. He Public criticism of MI6, which had failed to guard against his escape, was significant. There was nothing more [he] could do. His grandson says he knew very little about this other, Saudi, side of the family. And here he was struck by disappointment, brought to tears. He was a very dignified figure. [58] Golitsyn proceeded to confirm White's suspicions about Philby's role. In his lifetime, Kim married four times, and had five children by his second wife Aileen Furse. Three sons survived and thrived. Philby's less attractive personal qualities were matched by a charm to which many of his MI6 colleagues succumbed. Kim Philbys oldest son, has penned an extensive account of her memories of her grandfather. Kim Philby drank while Guy Burgess, who was gay, missed his friends in London, including Anthony Blunt whose spying activities, though known to the government, were kept under wraps until they were exposed much later, in 1979. Though a convinced Communist, he had a strong humanistic streak. It was a miracle. Espionage activity. I hope you've enough decency left to understand why. Volkov had insisted that all written communications about him take place by bag rather than by telegraph, causing a delay in reaction that might plausibly have given the Soviets time to uncover his plans. Espionage activity. Philby had other less damaging routines: a cup of Russian tea at 7am and English tea with milk at 5pm, drunk from a fine porcelain cup. [32] At this time, the German Abwehr was active in Spain, particularly around the British naval base of Gibraltar, which its agents hoped to watch with many detection stations to track Allied supply ships in the Western Mediterranean. Philby worked at first as a freelance journalist; from May 1937, he served as a first-hand correspondent for The Times, reporting from the headquarters of the pro-Franco forces. WebSpouse. Aileen died of influenza in December 1957. Interrogated repeatedly regarding his intelligence work and his connection with Burgess, he continued to deny that he had acted as a Soviet agent. His father had a distinguished past as an explorer and fixer for the regions movers and shakers, and any intelligence Kim could pick up through his fathers outstanding contacts would be useful to the bosses in London. The matter leaked, Prime Minister Anthony Eden protested that he had not been informed, and adverse publicity ensued. Kim touched many corners of the Empire in his early years, from his birthplace in India to the deserts of the Arabian peninsula to the prestigious schools of England. The Royal Navy was interested in the anti-submarine warfare equipment carried under the cruiser's stern. Mikhail Lyubimov, his closest KGB contact, explained that this was to guard his safety, but later admitted that the real reason was the KGB's fear that Philby would return to London. Kim Philby and Jim Angleton first met at Bletchley Park, in early 1944. J. Edgar Hoover complained that Burgess used British Embassy automobiles to avoid arrest when he cruised Washington in pursuit of homosexual encounters. What was not generally known at the time, and for many years after, was that Philby had a second family in Saudi Arabia. He hated London, adored Paris, and spoke of it with deeply loving affection. Born in India in 1912, Philby became a communist sympathiser after leaving Cambridge and began working as a KGB informer in the mid 1930s in London. The couple divorced in 1965, two years after he defected to USSR. WebBefore he was exposed, Philby was the mentor of James Jesus Angleton, one of the central figures in the early years of the CIA who became the long-serving chief of the counter-intelligence staff of the Agency. Rozy Philby, as she was known, had five children, although two died in infancy, a tragedy all too common in the region at that time. We got together in our cabin to discuss our plans. I replied 100, which I hoped would last me about a year in Vienna. His career in secret intelligence came by chance, like many before and after him. The minister told the House of Commons, "I have no reason to conclude that Mr. Philby has at any time betrayed the interests of his country, or to identify him with the so-called 'Third Man', if indeed there was one. It was a very warm meeting when we met. Born in 1946, Dudley Tommy Philby is the third of Kims five children with his second of four wives, Aileen Furse Philby. Philby was thus able to evade blame and detection. WebKim Philby, byname of Harold Adrian Russell Philby, (born January 1, 1912, Ambala, Indiadied May 11, 1988, Moscow, Russia, U.S.S.R.), British intelligence officer until 1951 and the most successful Soviet double agent of the Cold War period. They met each other socially but soon fell out. [54][61] There, his journalism served as cover for renewed work for MI6. Burgess was arrested in September for drunken driving and was subsequently fired,[29] while Philby was appointed as an instructor on clandestine propaganda at the SOE's finishing school for agents at the Estate of Lord Montagu[30][pageneeded] in Beaulieu, Hampshire. [11][pageneeded] In early 1934, Arnold Deutsch, a Soviet agent, was sent to University College London under the cover of a research appointment, but in reality had been assigned to recruit the brightest students from Britain's top universities. His successor, Boris Bazarov, suffered the same fate two years later during the purges. Elizabeth Holberton. He warned the Soviets of the attempted defection and travelled to Istanbulostensibly to handle the matter on behalf of SIS but, in reality, to ensure that Volkov had been neutralised. Larger numbers were landed by sea and air under Operation Valuable, which continued until 1951, increasingly under the influence of the newly formed CIA. After all, they won the war.'". They had already been down to the Embassy but being unable to work had come back". A plaque in his honour was unveiled by the head of the foreign intelligence service at its headquarters in Moscow in December. His eldest son was my father, John who was himself a 19-year-old art student in 1963 when he first learnt of Kims espionage; stepping off a ferry on the Isle of Wight, he was met by a billboard stating that Kim was a wanted man. [85], Philby found work in the early 1970s in the KGB's Active Measures Department churning out fabricated documents. 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"If he did not act at once it would be too late," the telegram read, "because [Philby] would send his car to the scrap heap. His grandson says he knew very little about this other, Saudi, side of the family. Rozy Philby, as she was known, had five children, although two died in infancy, a tragedy all too common in the region at that time. On 25 October 1955, following revelations in The New York Times, Labour MP Marcus Lipton used parliamentary privilege to ask Prime Minister Anthony Eden if he was determined "to cover up at all costs the dubious third man activities of Mr Harold Philby"[57] This was reported in the British press, leading Philby to threaten legal action against Lipton if he repeated his accusations outside Parliament. He was publicly exonerated in 1955, after which he resumed his career as both a journalist and a spy for SIS in Beirut, Lebanon. Pukhova said he was a "special" and principled man. [47], Burgess, who had been given a post as Second Secretary at the British Embassy, took up residence in the Philby family home and rapidly set about causing offence to all and sundry. When the Germans threatened to overrun Paris in 1940, where she was then living at this time, Philby arranged for Friedmann's escape to Britain. In his early teens, he spent some time with the Bedouin in the desert of Saudi Arabia. Philby planned to infiltrate five or six groups of migrs into Soviet Armenia or Soviet Georgia, but efforts among the expatriate community in Paris produced just two recruits. [83] Philby claimed publicly in January 1988 that he did not regret his decisions and that he missed nothing about England except some friends, Colman's mustard and Lea & Perrins Worcestershire sauce. [44] She was sent to a clinic in Switzerland to recover. [90] Aileen suffered from psychiatric problems, which grew more severe during the period of poverty and suspicion following the flight of Burgess and Maclean. In her article, published yesterday in British daily The Independent, she describes Kim Philby as a proud man, and one who chose to publicly stand by his actions. He used a simpler system for MI6, delivering post at Hendaye, France, for the British embassy in Paris. In his lifetime, Kim married four times, and had five children by his second wife Aileen Furse. The offer was politely declined, for his grandfather was no stranger to discomfort. When Jane Archer (who had interviewed Krivitsky) was appointed to Philby's section he moved her off investigatory work in case she became aware of his past. Born in Ambala, Punjab, British India, Harold Adrian Russell Philby was the son of Dora Johnston and St John Philby, an author, Arabist and explorer. In 1956, Philby began an affair with Eleanor Brewer, the wife of New York Times correspondent Sam Pope Brewer. The witnesses were Toms Harris and Flora Solomon. [11][pageneeded] Following the Austrofascist victory in the Austrian Civil War, Philby and Friedmann married in February 1934, enabling her to escape to the United Kingdom with him two months later. They knew the risks they were running. He also delivered clothes and money to refugees. His eldest son was my father, John who was himself a 19-year-old art student in 1963 when he first learnt of Kims espionage; stepping off a ferry on the Isle of Wight, he was met by a billboard stating that Kim was a wanted man. On 23 May, concerned that Maclean had not yet fled, Philby wired Burgess, ostensibly about his Lincoln convertible abandoned in the Embassy car park. This role allowed him to conduct sabotage and instruct agents on how to properly conduct sabotage. Of the five, Philby is believed to have been most successful in providing secret information to the Soviets.[2]. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. [6] Following in the footsteps of his father, Philby continued to Westminster School, which he left in 1928 at the age of 16. Aileen died in 1957, leaving him five children. Turkish intelligence took them to a border crossing into Georgia but soon afterwards shots were heard. The Soviets, who had reported a diver in trouble near the stern, did not complain but also denied responsibility for Crabb's death. I'm pretty family minded, so anyone who's family to me is someone special. [38] Nevertheless, Angleton's suspicions went unheard. In late 1944 Philby, on instructions from his Soviet handler, maneuvered through the system successfully to replace Cowgill as head of Section Nine. [27] His time at Section D, however, was short-lived; the "tiny, ineffective, and slightly comic" section[28] was soon absorbed by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in the summer of 1940. A Spy Among Friends tells the tale the friendship between British spies Kim Philby and Nicholas Elliott. [11][pageneeded], In July 1939, Philby returned to The Times office in London. Solomon introduced Philby to the woman who would become Philby's second wife, Aileen Furse. In 1940 he began working for the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6). Foremost an explorer, who was meticulous in his scientific observations, his greatest achievement is generally considered to be the crossing of the Empty Quarter, a test many did not expect him to survive, and which earned further plaudits from the Royal Geographical Society, which had already awarded him its Founders Medal. Born in India in the British Raj, his father was the famed explorer St John Philby. After the magazine's owner changed the paper's role to covering Anglo-German trade, Philby engaged in a concerted effort to make contact with Germans such as Joachim von Ribbentrop, at that time the German ambassador in London. "He once even said that it was the easiest way to bring life to an end. Three sons survived and thrived. "I tried everything to save him; after all, he was killing himself. She didn't have any contact, she simply said she'd heard that they were very intelligent, and that was all. But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. While working in Section Five, Philby had become acquainted with James Jesus Angleton, a young American counter-intelligence officer working in liaison with SIS in London. [11][pageneeded] On a short trip back from Spain, Philby tried to recruit Flora Solomon as a Soviet agent; she was the daughter of a Russian banker and gold dealer, a relative of the Rothschilds, and wife of a London stockbroker. [1] Philby, with whom Elliott had worked in Beirut, had been a friend, and Elliott felt his betrayal bitterly. United Kingdom. "[59] Following this, Philby gave a press conference in whichcalmly, confidently, and without the stammer he had struggled with since childhoodhe reiterated his innocence, declaring, "I have never been a communist. Born in India in the British Raj, his father was the famed explorer St John Philby. His MI6 career was notable for his involvement with the Lionel Crabb affair in the 1950s and the flight of double agent Kim Philby to Moscow in 1963. The gang of British spies who ended up in Moscow in the 1950s and 1960s were employed in KGB training schools and international research institutes. It was a mystery. He never promised to give up, but once, completely unexpectedly, he suddenly said, 'I'm afraid I'm going to lose you, I'm not going to drink any more.' A plaque in his honour was unveiled by the head of the foreign intelligence service at its headquarters in Moscow in December. A similar lapse occurred with a report from the Imperial Japanese Embassy in Moscow sent to Tokyo. To protect his family, still living in the USSR, Orlov said nothing about Philby, an agreement Stalin respected. [3], On the evening of 23 January 1963, Philby vanished from Beirut, failing to meet his wife for a dinner party at the home of Glencairn Balfour Paul, First Secretary at the British Embassy. Litzi lived in Paris before returning to London for the duration of the war; she ultimately settled in East Germany. Charlotte is the granddaughter of Kim Philby, Britains most famous communist double-agent, the elusive third man in the notorious Cambridge spy ring. "[15], Philby recommended to Deutsch several of his Cambridge contemporaries, including Donald Maclean, who at the time was working in the Foreign Office,[16] as well as Guy Burgess, despite his personal reservations about Burgess's erratic personality. When Britain declared war on Germany in September 1939, Philby's contact with his Soviet controllers was lost and Philby failed to attend the meetings that were necessary for his work. [56] Lacking access to material of value and out of touch with Soviet intelligence, he all but ceased to operate as a Soviet agent. During the Phoney War from September 1939 until the Dunkirk evacuation, Philby worked as The Times' first-hand correspondent with the British Expeditionary Force headquarters. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ORB, OL ODN (1 January 1912 11 May 1988)[1] was a British intelligence officer and a double agent for the Soviet Union. This is what he was like. Charlotte Philby, daughter of John Philby, H.A.R. His MI6 career was notable for his involvement with the Lionel Crabb affair in the 1950s and the flight of double agent Kim Philby to Moscow in 1963. WebBefore he was exposed, Philby was the mentor of James Jesus Angleton, one of the central figures in the early years of the CIA who became the long-serving chief of the counter-intelligence staff of the Agency. Kim Philby and Jim Angleton first met at Bletchley Park, in early 1944. WebKim Philby divorced Litzi Friedmann on 17th September 1946. She lived separately from Philby, settling with their children in Crowborough while he lived first in London and later in Beirut. His father had a distinguished past as an explorer and fixer for the regions movers and shakers, and any intelligence Kim could pick up through his fathers outstanding contacts would be useful to the bosses in London. He reported to the Soviet NKVD from the Spanish civil war under the guise of a correspondent for the Times, and in 1940 joined the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, or MI6), becoming a double agent and passing many secrets to the Kremlin. [61], It is unclear whether Philby had been alerted, but Eleanor noted that as 1962 wore on, expressions of tension in his life "became worse and were reflected in bouts of deep depression and drinking". [4][5], Nicknamed "Kim" after the boy-spy in Rudyard Kipling's novel Kim,[3] Philby attended Aldro preparatory school, an all-boys school located in Shackleford near Godalming in Surrey, England, United Kingdom. However, when Elliott asked him to sign a written statement, he hesitated and requested a delay in the interrogation. [68], Philby told Elliott that he was "half expecting" to see him. He Was Born in India. United Kingdom. In his lifetime, Kim married four times, and had five children by his second wife Aileen Furse. These lapses by Philby aroused intense suspicion in Moscow. Following his debriefing in the US, Golitsyn was sent to SIS for further questioning. The NKVD received the same report from Richard Sorge but with an extra paragraph claiming that Hitler might seek a separate peace with the Soviet Union. So Philby left his wife and children in England in September 1956, arriving in a country for which he had little natural sympathy. His MI6 career was notable for his involvement with the Lionel Crabb affair in the 1950s and the flight of double agent Kim Philby to Moscow in 1963. Philby's award of the Order of the British Empire was cancelled and annulled in 1965. Philby's children. "There was one funny incident," she remembered. He graduated in 1933 with a 2:1 degree in Economics. Philby found that the award proved helpful in obtaining access to fascist circles: "Before then," he later wrote, "there had been a lot of criticism of British journalists from Franco officers who seemed to think that the British in general must be a lot of Communists because so many were fighting with the International Brigades. By the end of the Second World War he had become a high-ranking member. It has since been suggested that the whole confrontation with Elliott had been a charade to convince the KGB that Philby had to be brought back to Moscow, where he could serve as a British penetration agent of Moscow Centre. Michael Engelbach and Reem Philby meet at the Royal Geographical Society at the launch of the Heart of Arabia expedition. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. A plaque in his honour was unveiled by the head of the foreign intelligence service at its headquarters in Moscow in December. As a small boy looking at this grandfatherly figure, he was in every essence, the grandfather. John Nicholas Rede Elliott (15 November 1916 13 April 1994) was an MI6 Intelligence Officer. In her absence, Philby had begun an affair with Donald Maclean's wife, Melinda. They subsequently moved to Britain; however, as Philby assumed the role of a fascist sympathiser, they separated. [19] Maly was one of the Soviet Union's most powerful and influential illegal controllers and recruiters. He took a job at a monthly magazine, the World Review of Reviews, for which he wrote a large number of articles and letters (sometimes under a variety of pseudonyms) and occasionally served as "acting editor. Aileen died in 1957, when Tommy was just 11 years old; his contact with his father was cut off as soon as the double spy defected to the USSR in January 1963. [75], Upon his arrival in Moscow in January 1963, Philby discovered that he was not a colonel in the KGB, as he had been led to believe. She has three children and lives in London. [81] In the book, Philby says that his loyalties were always with the communists; he considered himself not to have been a double agent but "a straight penetration agent working in the Soviet interest". Under a cloud of suspicion raised by his highly visible and intimate association with Burgess, Philby returned to London. Jubilee Statistical Yearbook]", "The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. Kim Philby and Jim Angleton first met at Bletchley Park, in early 1944. A plaque in his honour was unveiled by the head of the foreign intelligence service at its headquarters in Moscow in December. Years after the war, Sir Hardy Amies, who had served as an intelligence officer during the war, recalled that Philby was in his mess and on being asked what the infamous spy was like, Hardy quipped, "He was always trying to get information out of memost significantly the name of my tailor". In the same interview, she confirmed that Philby was a heavy drinker when they first met, but later became sober. Kim touched many corners of the Empire in his early years, from his birthplace in India to the deserts of the Arabian peninsula to the prestigious schools of England. Allegiance. [9][pageneeded]. Philby admired the strength of her political convictions and later recalled that at their first meeting: A frank and direct person, Litzi came out and asked me how much money I had. Facing exposure by MI6 and almost certainly the death penalty, Kim Philby had fled to Moscow - from where he wrote to his wife pleading for her to join him. He was thirty-four; she was thirty-five and seven months pregnant with their fourth child, Miranda. Charlotte Philby's grandfather was the double agent Kim Philby. She has three children and lives in London. In England in 1963, Nicholas Elliott works for MI6 but is left in turmoil when he learns his close friend and colleague Kim Philby had been secretly working as a double agent for the KGB and has defected to the Soviet Union. He Public criticism of MI6, which had failed to guard against his escape, was significant. There was nothing more [he] could do. His grandson says he knew very little about this other, Saudi, side of the family. And here he was struck by disappointment, brought to tears. He was a very dignified figure. [58] Golitsyn proceeded to confirm White's suspicions about Philby's role. In his lifetime, Kim married four times, and had five children by his second wife Aileen Furse. Three sons survived and thrived. Philby's less attractive personal qualities were matched by a charm to which many of his MI6 colleagues succumbed. Kim Philbys oldest son, has penned an extensive account of her memories of her grandfather. Kim Philby drank while Guy Burgess, who was gay, missed his friends in London, including Anthony Blunt whose spying activities, though known to the government, were kept under wraps until they were exposed much later, in 1979. Though a convinced Communist, he had a strong humanistic streak. It was a miracle. Espionage activity. I hope you've enough decency left to understand why. Volkov had insisted that all written communications about him take place by bag rather than by telegraph, causing a delay in reaction that might plausibly have given the Soviets time to uncover his plans. Espionage activity. Philby had other less damaging routines: a cup of Russian tea at 7am and English tea with milk at 5pm, drunk from a fine porcelain cup. [32] At this time, the German Abwehr was active in Spain, particularly around the British naval base of Gibraltar, which its agents hoped to watch with many detection stations to track Allied supply ships in the Western Mediterranean. Philby worked at first as a freelance journalist; from May 1937, he served as a first-hand correspondent for The Times, reporting from the headquarters of the pro-Franco forces. WebSpouse. Aileen died of influenza in December 1957. Interrogated repeatedly regarding his intelligence work and his connection with Burgess, he continued to deny that he had acted as a Soviet agent. His father had a distinguished past as an explorer and fixer for the regions movers and shakers, and any intelligence Kim could pick up through his fathers outstanding contacts would be useful to the bosses in London. The matter leaked, Prime Minister Anthony Eden protested that he had not been informed, and adverse publicity ensued. Kim touched many corners of the Empire in his early years, from his birthplace in India to the deserts of the Arabian peninsula to the prestigious schools of England. The Royal Navy was interested in the anti-submarine warfare equipment carried under the cruiser's stern. Mikhail Lyubimov, his closest KGB contact, explained that this was to guard his safety, but later admitted that the real reason was the KGB's fear that Philby would return to London. Kim Philby and Jim Angleton first met at Bletchley Park, in early 1944. J. Edgar Hoover complained that Burgess used British Embassy automobiles to avoid arrest when he cruised Washington in pursuit of homosexual encounters. What was not generally known at the time, and for many years after, was that Philby had a second family in Saudi Arabia. He hated London, adored Paris, and spoke of it with deeply loving affection. Born in India in 1912, Philby became a communist sympathiser after leaving Cambridge and began working as a KGB informer in the mid 1930s in London. The couple divorced in 1965, two years after he defected to USSR. WebBefore he was exposed, Philby was the mentor of James Jesus Angleton, one of the central figures in the early years of the CIA who became the long-serving chief of the counter-intelligence staff of the Agency. Rozy Philby, as she was known, had five children, although two died in infancy, a tragedy all too common in the region at that time. We got together in our cabin to discuss our plans. I replied 100, which I hoped would last me about a year in Vienna. His career in secret intelligence came by chance, like many before and after him. The minister told the House of Commons, "I have no reason to conclude that Mr. Philby has at any time betrayed the interests of his country, or to identify him with the so-called 'Third Man', if indeed there was one. It was a very warm meeting when we met. Born in 1946, Dudley Tommy Philby is the third of Kims five children with his second of four wives, Aileen Furse Philby. Philby was thus able to evade blame and detection. WebKim Philby, byname of Harold Adrian Russell Philby, (born January 1, 1912, Ambala, Indiadied May 11, 1988, Moscow, Russia, U.S.S.R.), British intelligence officer until 1951 and the most successful Soviet double agent of the Cold War period. They met each other socially but soon fell out. [54][61] There, his journalism served as cover for renewed work for MI6. Burgess was arrested in September for drunken driving and was subsequently fired,[29] while Philby was appointed as an instructor on clandestine propaganda at the SOE's finishing school for agents at the Estate of Lord Montagu[30][pageneeded] in Beaulieu, Hampshire. [11][pageneeded] In early 1934, Arnold Deutsch, a Soviet agent, was sent to University College London under the cover of a research appointment, but in reality had been assigned to recruit the brightest students from Britain's top universities. His successor, Boris Bazarov, suffered the same fate two years later during the purges. Elizabeth Holberton. He warned the Soviets of the attempted defection and travelled to Istanbulostensibly to handle the matter on behalf of SIS but, in reality, to ensure that Volkov had been neutralised. Larger numbers were landed by sea and air under Operation Valuable, which continued until 1951, increasingly under the influence of the newly formed CIA. After all, they won the war.'". They had already been down to the Embassy but being unable to work had come back". A plaque in his honour was unveiled by the head of the foreign intelligence service at its headquarters in Moscow in December. His eldest son was my father, John who was himself a 19-year-old art student in 1963 when he first learnt of Kims espionage; stepping off a ferry on the Isle of Wight, he was met by a billboard stating that Kim was a wanted man. [85], Philby found work in the early 1970s in the KGB's Active Measures Department churning out fabricated documents. 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